| 570 |
52 BH |
| |
Birth of Prophet Muhammad at Mecca |
| 610 |
12 BH |
| |
Revelation of the first versus of the Quran |
| |
Ali ibn Abu Talib and Abu Bakar as Siddiq accept Islam |
| 615 |
7 BH |
| |
Conversion of Omar Ibn Al Khattab |
| 620 |
2 BH |
| |
A group of Muslims migrates to Abyssinia to escape the persecution in Mecca |
| 622 |
|
| |
Prophet Muhammad migrates to Madina |
| |
Start of the Islamic calendar |
| |
back to top |
623
. |
1AH 23 Jamadil Thani 2AH 3 Rejab |
624
. |
2AH 4 Rejab 3AH 14 Rejab |
| |
Battle of Badr |
625
. |
3AH 15 Rejab 4AH 25 Rejab |
| |
Battle of Uhud |
626
. |
4AH 26 Rejab 5AH 6 Syaban |
| |
Battle of Khandaq / Battle of the Trench |
627
. |
5AH 7 Syaban 6AH 17 Syaban |
| |
Prophet Muhammad concludes the Treaty of Hudaibiya with the Meccans |
628
. |
6AH 18 Syaban 7AH 28 Syaban |
| |
The Muslims reclaim Mecca |
| |
The Prophet sends messages to Khosroe of Persia, Heraclius of Byzantium, Muqawqis of Egypt and the king of Yemen, inviting them to accept Islam |
629
. |
7AH 29 Syaban 8AH 10 Ramadan |
630
. |
8AH 11 Ramadan 9AH 21 Ramadan |
631
. |
10AH 22 Ramadan 10AH 2 Syawal |
632
. |
10AH 3 Syawal 11AH 13 Syawal |
| |
Farewell pilgrimage of Prophet Muhammad |
| |
The last verse of the Quran is revealed |
| |
Defensive expedition to Tabuk against the Byzantines ends in a stalemate and commander Zaid bin Harris is killed in action |
| |
Prophet Muhammad passes away |
| |
The Companions establish the Caliphate to affirm the historical continuity of Islam |
| |
Abu Bakar as Siddiq is elected the first Caliph |
| |
Death of Fatimah az Zahra beloved daughter of the Prophet,wife of Ali ibn Abu Talib |
| |
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|
633
. |
11AH 14 Syawal 12AH 24 Syawal |
| |
Abu Bakar conducts campaigns against eastern Arabs to ensure their compliance with zakat |
| |
Rise of the false prophets |
| |
Battle of Yamama against Musailimah Al Kazzab |
| |
Abu Bakar authorizes the preparation of a written copy of the Quran, the Mashaf e Siddiqi |
634
. |
12AH 25 Syawal 13AH 5 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Muslim armies defeat the Byzantines at the Battle of Ajnadyn |
| |
Abu Bakar passes away |
| |
Omar ibn Al Khattab is elected the Caliph |
635
. |
13AH 6 Zulqa'dah 14AH 15 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Campaigns against eastern Roman and Persian Empires |
| |
The Muslims capture Damascus |
636
. |
14AH 16 Zulqa'dah 15AH 27 Zulqa'dah |
| |
The Persian army is defeated at the Battle of Qadasia |
| |
The Byzantines are defeated at the Battle of Yarmuk |
| |
Jerusalem conquered by Arab armies. Freedom of worship is guaranteed to Christians. |
| |
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|
637
. |
15AH 28 Zulqa'dah 16 AH 8 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Muslims capture Madayen, capital of the Persian Empire |
638
. |
16AH 9 Zulhijjah 17AH 19 Zulhijjah |
639
. |
17AH 20 Zulhijjah 18AH 30 Zulhijjah |
640
. |
19AH 1 Muharam 20AH 12 Muharam |
| |
Omar bin al As begins campaigns in Egypt |
641
. |
20AH 13 Muharam 21AH 22 Muharam |
| |
Arab armies advance towards Khorasan, Afghanistan dan Sindh |
642
. |
21AH 23 Muharam 22AH 3 Safar |
| |
The conquest of Egypt is completed |
| |
Caliph Omar streamlines the administration of the vast empire |
| |
Judical rulings of Omar ibn al Khattab and Ali ibn Abu Talib provide a basis for the sciences of Fiqh |
| |
Persian armies defeated at the Battle of Nahawand |
643
. |
22AH 4 Safar 23AH 13 Safar |
| |
First construction of the Al Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem |
644
. |
23AH 14 Safar 24AH 25 Safar |
| |
Caliph Omar ibn Al Khattab is assassinated |
| |
Uthman bin Affan is elected the Caliph |
645
. |
24AH 26 Safar 25AH 6 Rabiulawal |
646
. |
25AH 7 Rabiulawal 26AH 17 Rabiulawal |
647
. |
26AH 18 Rabiulawal 27AH 28 Rabiulawal |
648
. |
27AH 29 Rabiulawal 28AH 10 Rabiulthani |
649
. |
28AH 11 Rabiulthani 29AH 21 Rabiulthani |
| |
Cyprus is captured from the Byzantines |
650
. |
29AH 22 Rabiulthani 30AH 2 Jamadilawal |
| |
Pronunciation of Quranic verses standardized |
651
. |
30AH 3 Jamadilawal 31AH 12 Jamadilawal |
652
. |
31AH 13 Jamadilawal 32AH 24 Jamadilawal |
| |
Death of Abu Dhar al Ghifari, venerated Companion and Sufi |
653
. |
32AH 25 Jamadilawal 33AH 5 Jamadilthani |
654
. |
33AH 6 Jamadilthani 34AH 16 Jamadilthani |
655
. |
34AH 17 Jamadilthani 35AH 27 Jamadilthani |
| |
|
656
. |
35AH 28 Jamadilthani 36AH 9 Rejab |
| |
Caliph Uthman bin Affan is assassinated |
| |
Ali ibn Abu Talib is elected the Caliph |
| |
Beginning of the Civil Wars |
| |
Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib defeats dissidents under Aisha binti Abu Bakar at the Battle of the Camel |
657
. |
36AH 10 Rejab 37AH 20 Rejab |
| |
Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, governor of Syria, refuses to recognize the Caliphate of Ali |
| |
Battle of Siffin between forces of Ali and Muawiya |
| |
Beginning of the Kharijite schism |
| |
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|
658
. |
37AH 21 Rejab 38AH 1 Syaban |
| |
Ali ibn Abu Talib defeats the Kharijites at the Battle of Nahrawan |
| |
Muawiya is declared the Caliph by his supporters in Damascus |
659
. |
38AH 2 Syaban 39AH 11 Syaban |
| |
Truce between Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib and Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan |
660
. |
39AH 12 Syaban 40AH 22 Syaban |
661
. |
40AH 23 Syaban 41AH 3 Ramadan |
| |
Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib is assassinated |
| |
Age of Khulafa e Rashidoon ends |
| |
Muawiya claims the Caliphate |
| |
Beginning of the Umayyad dynasty |
| |
Imam Hassan ibn Ali retires from politics |
662
. |
41AH 4 Ramadan 42AH 14 Ramadan |
663
. |
42AH 15 Ramadan 43AH 25 Ramadan |
664
. |
43AH 26 Ramadan 44AH 7 Syawal |
665
. |
44AH 8 Syawal 45AH 18 Syawal |
| |
Muawiya orders the buildup of a navy |
666
. |
45AH 19 Syawal 46AH 28 Syawal |
667
. |
46AH 29 Syawal 47AH 10 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Muslim armies capture Khorasan |
668
. |
47AH 11 Zulqa'dah 48AH 21 Zulqa'dah |
669
. |
48AH 22 Zulqa'dah 49AH 2 Zulhijjah |
| |
Death of Imam Hassan ibn Ali |
670
. |
49AH 3 Zulhijjah 50AH 12 Zulhijjah |
| |
Uqba bin Nafi begins the conquest of North Africa |
| |
The city of Khairaoun in North Africa is founded |
671
. |
50AH 13 Zulhijjah 51AH 23 Zulhijjah |
| |
Muslim armies capture the island of Rhodes |
| |
The first attempt to capture Constantinople fails |
672
. |
51AH 24 Zulhijjah 53AH 5 Muharam |
673
. |
53AH 6 Muharam 54AH 16 Muharam |
674
. |
54AH 17 Muharam 55AH 27 Muharam |
675
. |
55AH 28 Muharam 56AH 8 Safar |
676
. |
56AH 9 Safar 57AH 20 Safar |
677
. |
57AH 21 Safar 58AH 1 Rabiulawal |
678
. |
58AH 2 Rabiulawal 59AH 11 Rabiulawal |
| |
Death of Aisha binti Abu Bakar wife of Prophet Muhammad and the source of a large number of Hadith |
| |
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|
679
. |
59AH 12 Rabiulawal 60AH 21 Rabiulawal |
680
. |
60AH 22 Rabiulawal 61AH 3 Rabiulthani |
| |
Death of Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan |
| |
Yazid son of Muawiya becomes Omayyad ruler |
| |
The tragedy of Karbala, Hussain ibn Ali,grandson of the Prophet is martyred |
| |
Beginning of Yawm e Ashoora |
681
. |
61AH 4 Rabiulthani 62AH 14 Rabiulthani |
682
. |
62AH 15 Rabiulthani 63AH 25 Rabiulthani |
683
. |
63AH 26 Rabiulthani 64AH 7 Jamadilawal |
| |
Yazid sacks Madina |
| |
Uqba bin Nafi conquers North Africa |
| |
Death of Yazid: Muawiya II succeeds him |
684
. |
64AH 8 Jamadilawal 65AH 18 Jamadilawal |
| |
Marwan I becomes the Caliph |
685
. |
65AH 19 Jamadilawal 66AH 28 Jamadilawal |
| |
Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph |
| |
Construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem |
| |
Muslim armies advance into Central Asia |
686
. |
66AH 29 Jamadilawal 67AH 9 Jamadilthani |
687
. |
67AH 10 Jamadilthani 68AH 20 Jamadilthani |
688
. |
68AH 21 Jamadilthani 69AH 2 Rejab |
689
. |
69AH 3 Rejab 70AH 13 Rejab |
690
. |
70AH 14 Rejab 71AH 24 Rejab |
| |
Omayyad armies reach the Atlantic Ocean |
691
. |
71AH 25 Rejab 72AH 5 Syaban |
| |
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is completed |
692
. |
72AH 6 Syaban 73AH 17 Syaban |
| |
Abdul Malik mints the first coins of the Islamic state |
693
. |
73AH 18 Syaban 74AH 27 Syaban |
| |
Al Hajjaj also known as al Hajjaj the cruel becomes governor of Iraq |
694
. |
74AH 28 Syaban 75AH 8 Ramadan |
| |
Construction of the Omayyad Mosque in Damascus |
695
. |
75AH 9 Ramadan 76AH 19 Ramadan |
696
. |
76AH 20 Ramadan 77AH 1 Syawal |
697
. |
77AH 2 Syawal 78AH 11 Syawal |
698
. |
78AH 12 Syawal 79AH 22 Syawal |
699
. |
79AH 23 Syawal 80AH 3 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Death of Al Juhani rationalist, philosopher |
| |
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700
. |
80AH 4 Zulqa'dah 81AH 15 Zulqa'dah |
|
701
.
|
81AH 16 Zulqa'dah 82AH 26 Zulqa'dah |
|
702
.
|
82AH 27 Zulqa'dah 83AH 7 Zulhijjah |
703
. |
83AH 8 Zulhijjah 84AH 17 Zulhijjah |
704
. |
84AH 18 Zulhijjah 85AH 28 Zulhijjah |
705
. |
85AH 29 Zulhijjah 87AH 10 Muharam |
| |
Al Walid I becomes the Caliph and begins a vigorous expansion of the empire |
706
. |
87AH 11 Muharam 88AH 20 Muharam |
707
. |
88AH 21 Muharam 89AH 1 Safar |
708
. |
89AH 2 Safar 90AH 13 Safar |
709
. |
90AH 14 Safar 91AH 24 Safar |
710
. |
91AH 25 Safar 92AH 6 Rabiulawal |
711
. |
92AH 7 Rabiulawal 93AH 16 Rabiulawal |
| |
Tariq ibn Ziyad lands in Spain. Visigoth army under Rodriguez is defeated at the Battle of Buhayrah |
| |
Muhammad bin Qasim lands at Debal subdues Baluchistan , Sindh , Multan and southern Punjab |
712
. |
93AH 17 Rabiulawal 94AH 27 Rabiulawal |
| |
Musa ibn Nusair advances into Leon, Astoria, and Galicia |
| |
Beginning of 780 years of Muslim rule in Andalus |
| |
Jewish golden age in Spain |
| |
Death of Imam Zainul Abedin |
713
. |
94AH 28 Rabiulawal 95AH 8 Rabiulthani |
| |
Zaid bin Zainul Abedin organizes resistance to the Omayyads. Beginning of the Zaidi branch. |
| |
Muslim armies capture Lyons in France |
714
. |
95AH 9 Rabiulthani 96AH 19 Rabiulthani |
| |
Muhammad bin Qasim recalled from Sindh by Hajjaj bin Yusuf and imprisoned until death |
| |
Muslims capture Normandy in France |
715
. |
96AH 20 Rabiulthani 97AH 29 Rabiulthani |
| |
Sulaiman becomes Umayyad Caliph |
| |
Musa ibn Nusair recalled from Spain by Caliph Sulaiman, stripped of all power and banished into the desert |
716
. |
97AH 1 Jamadilawal 98AH 12 Jamadilawal |
717
. |
98AH 13 Jamadilawal 99AH 23 Jamadilawal |
| |
Omar bin Abdul Aziz becomes the Caliph and attempts reconciliation in the Islamic community. He lowers taxes on peasants in Persia and Egypt. |
| |
The Byzantines repulse a second Muslim attempt to capture Constantinople. |
| |
Spread of Islam into Persia and Egypt picks up momentum |
| |
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|
718
. |
99AH 24 Jamadilawal 100AH 4 Jamadilthani |
719
. |
100AH 5 Jamadilthani 101AH 14 Jamadilthani |
| |
Omar bin Abdul Aziz is poisoned |
| |
Yazid II becomes the Caliph |
720
. |
101AH 15 Jamadilthani 102AH 26 Jamadilthani |
| |
Muslim armies cross the Pyrenees and occupy southern France |
721
. |
102AH 27 Jamadilthani 103AH 7 Rejab |
722
. |
103AH 8 Rejab 104AH 17 Rejab |
723
. |
104AH 18 Rejab 105AH 28 Rejab |
724
. |
105AH 29 Rejab 106AH 10 Syaban |
| |
Hisham becomes the Caliph |
725
. |
106AH 11 Syaban 107AH 21 Syaban |
726
. |
107AH 22 Syaban 108AH 2 Ramadan |
727
. |
108AH 3 Ramadan 109AH 13 Ramadan |
728
. |
109AH 14 Ramadan 110AH 25 Ramadan |
| |
Death of Hasan al Basri,well known Sufi Shaykh |
729
. |
110AH 26 Ramadan 111AH 6 Syawal |
730
. |
111AH 7 Syawal 112AH 16 Syawal |
731
. |
112AH 17 Syawal 113AH 26 Syawal |
| |
Death of Imam al Baqir |
732
. |
113AH 27 Syawal 114AH 8 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Charles Martel stops the Muslim advance into Europe at the Battle of Tours |
733
. |
114AH 9 Zulqa'dah 115AH 19 Zulqa'dah |
734
. |
115AH 20 Zulqa'dah 116AH 30 Zulqa'dah |
735
. |
116AH 1 Zulhijjah 117AH 11 Zulhijjah |
| |
Muslim armies advance through southern France and occupy mountain passes in Switzerland |
736
. |
117AH 12 Zulhijjah 118AH 23 Zulhijjah |
737
. |
118AH 24 Zulhijjah 120AH 4 Muharam |
738
. |
120AH 5 Muharam 121AH 15 Muharam |
739
. |
121AH 16 Muharam 122AH 25 Muharam |
| |
|
740
. |
122AH 26 Muharam 123AH 7 Safar |
| |
Death of Imam Zaid bin Zain ul Abedin |
741
. |
123AH 8 Safar 124AH 17 Safar |
742
. |
124AH 18 Safar 125AH 28 Safar |
| |
|
743
. |
125AH 29 Safar 126AH 9 Rabiulawal |
| |
Al Walid II becomes the Caliph |
744
. |
126AH 10 Rabiulawal 127AH 21 Rabiulawal |
| |
Abu Muslim is appointed the chief dayee of Khorasan |
| |
Yazid III, Ibrahim and Marwan II become the Caliphs in rapid succession |
745
. |
127AH 22 Rabiulawal 128AH 3 Rabiulthani |
| |
Imam Jaafar as Saadiq discusses Fiqh issues in his study circles. Imam Abu Haneefa participates in these studies and benefits from them. |
746
. |
128AH 4 R.T 129AH 3 R.T |
| |
Beginning of the Abbasid revolution in Khorasan |
747
. |
129AH 14 R.T 130AH 24 R.T |
| |
Kufa falls to the Abbasids. Abu Muslim nominates Abul Abbas as the first Abbasid Caliph |
748
. |
130AH 25 R.T 131AH 6 J.A |
749
. |
131AH 7 J.A 132AH 16 J.A |
750
. |
132AH 17 J.A 133AH 27 J.A |
| |
The Abbasid Revolution |
| |
The Abbasid forces defeat the Caliph Marwan at the Battle of Zab. The Umayyads are swept away from power and are slaughtered |
| |
Andur Rahman I escapes to Spain |
| |
Beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. Abu Abbas al Saffah becomes the first Abbasid Caliph |
| |
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|
751
. |
133AH 28 J.A 134AH 8 J.T |
| |
Battle of Tlas.The Muslim armies are victorious over the forces of the Tang Empire. China cedes Central Asia to the Caliphate |
| |
Systematic development of Fiqh begins |
752
. |
134AH 9 J.T 135AH 20 J.T |
753
. |
135AH 21 J.T 136AH 1 Rej |
| |
|
754
. |
136AH 2 Rej 137AH 12 Rej |
| |
Al Mansur becomes the Caliph,sends troops into China in response to a request for help from the Tang Emperor Tsung. |
755
. |
137AH 13 Rej 138AH 22 Rej |
| |
The Umayyad Abdur Rahman I establishes the Umayyad Emirate in Cordoba Spain |
756
. |
138AH 23 Rej 139AH 4 Syab |
757
. |
139AH 5 Syab 140AH 15 Syab |
| |
|
758
. |
140AH 16 Syab 141AH 25 Syab |
| |
|
759
. |
141AH 26 Syab 142AH 6 Ramad |
| |
The Franks recapture Narbonne from the Muslims |
760
. |
142AH 7 Ramad 143AH 18 Ramad |
| |
Death of Imam Ismail, son of Imam Jaafar as Saadiq |
| |
Beginning of the Fatimid branch among Muslims |
761
. |
143AH 19 Ramad 144AH 29 Ramad |
762
. |
144AH 30 Ramad 145AH 10 Syaw |
763
. |
145AH 11 Syaw 146AH 21 Syaw |
| |
Baghdad becomes the seat of the Caliphate and the cradle of Islamic civilization |
764
. |
146AH 22 Syaw 147AH 3 Zulqa' |
765
. |
147AH 4 Zulqa' 148AH 13 Zulqa' |
| |
Death of Imam Jaafar as Saadiq one of the principal sources of Fiqh. Caliph al Mansur establishes schools of translation in Baghdad. |
| |
Muslims come into contact with Greek philosophy and Indian mathematics |
766
. |
148AH 14 Zulqa' 149AH 24 Zulqa' |
767
. |
149AH 25 Zulqa' 150AH 5 Zulhij |
768
. |
150AH 6 Zulhij 151AH 16 Zulhij |
| |
Death of Imam Abu Haneefa after whom the Hanafi school of Fiqh is named. |
| |
Charlemagne ( 768-814) ascends the Frankish throne. |
| |
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|
769
. |
151AH 17 Zulhij 152AH 27 Zulhij |
770
. |
152AH 28 Zulhij 154AH 8 Muh |
771
. |
154AH 9 Muh 155AH 19 Muh |
772
. |
155AH 20 Muh 156AH 1 Saf |
773
. |
156AH 2 Saf 157AH 12 Saf |
774
. |
157H 13 Saf 158H 22 Saf |
775
. |
158H 23 Saf 159H 3 R.A |
| |
Al Mahdi becomes the Caliph |
776
. |
159H 4 R.A 160H 15 R.A |
|
777 .
|
160H 16 R.A 161H 25 R.A |
778
. |
161H 26 R.A 162H 6 R.T |
| |
Charlemagne of France raids Muslim Spain |
779
. |
162H 7 R.T 163H 17 R.T |
780
. |
163H 18 R.T 164H 29 R.T |
| |
Charlemagne invades German territories and converts the Germans to Christianity |
781
. |
164H 1 J.A 165H 11 J.A |
| |
Ibn Jabir invents the science of chemistry |
782
. |
165H 12 J.A 166H 21 J.A |
783
. |
166H 22 J.A 167H 2 J.T |
784
. |
167H 3 J.T 168H 13 J.T |
785
. |
168H 14 J.T 169H 24 J.T |
| |
Al Hadi becomes the Caliph |
786
. |
169H 25 J.T 170H 5 Rej |
| |
Harun al Rashid becomes the Caliph. Golden age of Baghdad |
787
. |
170H 6 Rej 171H 16 Rej |
788
. |
171H 17 Rej 172H 28 Rej |
| |
Beginning of the Idrisid dynasty in North Africa |
789
. |
172H 29 Rej 173H 9 Syab |
790
. |
173H 10 Syab 174H 20 Syab |
| |
The manufacture of paper is introduced into Baghdad from China |
|
791
.
|
174H 21 Syab 175H 1 Ramad |
792
. |
175H 2 Ramad 176H 12 Ramad |
793
. |
176H 13 Ramad 177H 22 Ramad |
794
. |
177H 23 Ramad 178H 3 Syaw |
795
. |
178H 4 Syaw 179H 14 Syaw |
| |
Death of Imam Malik bin Anas, after whom the Maliki school of Fiqh is named |
|
796 .
|
179H 15 Syaw 180H 26 Syaw |
|
797 .
|
180H 27 Syaw 181H 7 Zulqa' |
798
. |
181H 8 Zulqa' 182H 18 Zulqa' |
799
. |
182H 19 Zulqa' 183H 29 Zulqa' |
| |
Zubaida, wife of Harun al Rashid performs the Hajj and builds rest houses for hajjis on the road |
| |
Death of Imam Muza al Kazim |
| |
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|
800
. |
183H 30 Zulqa' 184H 11 Zulhij |
| |
Harun al Rashid and Charlemagne exchange ambassadors |
801
. |
184H 12 Zulhij 185H 21 Zulhij |
| |
The city of Fez is established |
| |
Charlemagne begins an invasion of Muslim Spain |
802
. |
185H 22 Zulhij 187H 2 Muh |
| |
Death of Rabia al Adawiya one of the most celebrated spiritual luminaries and a teacher of Sufi masters |
803
. |
187H 3 Muh 188H 13 Muh |
804
. |
188H 14 Muh 189H 24 Muh |
805
. |
189H 25 Muh 190H 6 Saf |
806
. |
190H 7 Saf 191H 17 Saf |
807
. |
18 Saf 191H 27 Saf 192H |
808
. |
192H 28 Saf 193H 9 R.A |
809
. |
193H 10 R.A 194H 20 R.A |
| |
Death of Harun al Rashid. Al Amin becomes the Caliph in Baghdad |
810
. |
194H 21 R.A 195H 1 R.T |
811
. |
195H 2 R.T 196H 11 R.T |
812
. |
196H 12 R.T 197H 22 R.T |
813
. |
197H 23 R.T 198H 4 J.A |
| |
Al Mamun succeeds his brother Al Amin as the Caliph |
814
. |
198H 5 J.A 199H 15 J.A |
| |
Death of Charlemagne. The Carolingian Empire in Europe begins to disintegrate |
815
. |
199H 16 J.A 200H 26 J.A |
| |
Al Khwarizmi invents the science of Algebra and develops the mathematics of equations |
| |
Viking raids from the North ravage Europe |
| |
The Abbasid Empire begins a slow process of disintegration. The Idrisids in North Africa and the Tahirids in Persia become autonomous |
| |
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|
816
. |
200H 27 J.A 201H 8 J.T |
817
. |
201H 9 J.T 202H 18 J.T |
818
. |
202H 19 J.T 203H 29 J.T |
| |
Death of Imam Ali al Rida |
819
. |
203H 30 J.T 204H 10 Rej |
820
. |
204H 11 Rej 205H 21 Rej |
| |
Death of Imam al Shafie after whom the Shafie school of Fiqh is named. |
| |
Rise of the Aghlabids in North Africa |
821
. |
205H 22 Rej 206H 2 Syab |
822
. |
206H 3 Syab 207H 13 Syab |
| |
Music flourishes at the court of Cordoba under the musician al Zirhab |
| |
The Aghlabid armies from North Africa invade Sicily |
823
. |
207H 14 Syab 208H 24 Syab |
824
. |
208H 25 Syab 209H 6 Ramad |
825
. |
209H 7 Ramad 210H 17 Ramad |
826
. |
210H 18 Ramad 211H 28 Ramad |
827
. |
211H 29 Ramad 212H 8 Syaw |
| |
Caliph al Mamun adopts Mutazilite doctrines as court dogma |
| |
The Idrisids capture Crete, Sardinia and Sicily |
828
. |
212H 9 Syaw 213H 20 Syaw |
829
. |
213H 21 Syaw 214H 1 Zulqa' |
830
. |
214H 2 Zulqa' 215H 11 Zulqa' |
| |
Caliph al Mamun patronizes the Bait ul Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad and encourages translation of Greek and Sanskrit books into arabic. The Muslims develop concept of decimals in mathematics |
831
. |
215H 12 Zulqa' 216H 22 Zulqa' |
| |
Muslims capture Palermo Italy |
832
. |
216H 23 Zulqa' 217H 4 Zulhij |
833
. |
217H 5 Zulhij 218H 15 Zulhij |
| |
Death of Al Mamun. Al Mutasim becomes the Caliph and enlists Turks into the army |
834
. |
218H 16 Zulhij 219H 26 Zulhij |
835
. |
219H 27 Zulhij 221H 7 Muh |
| |
Death of Imam al Jawwad |
836
. |
221H 8 Muh 222H 18 Muh |
837
. |
222H 19 Muh 223H 29 Muh |
838
. |
223H 30 Muh 224H 10 Saf |
| |
Umayyad armies from Spain occupy Marseilles France |
839
. |
224H 11 Saf 225H 20 Saf |
840
. |
225H 21 Saf 226H 3 R.A |
| |
Death of Al Khwarizmi mathematician , Sufi Shaykh |
841
. |
226H 4 Rabiulawal 227H 14 Rabiulawal |
842
. |
227H 15 Rabiulawal 228H 25 Rabiulawal |
| |
Al Wathiq becomes the Caliph |
843
. |
228H 26 Rabiulawal 229H 6 Rabiulthani |
844
. |
229H 7 Rabiulthani 230H 17 Rabiulthani |
845
. |
230H 18 Rabiulthani 231H 28 Rabiulthani |
846
. |
231H 29 Rabiulthani 232 8 Jamadilawal |
| |
The Aghlabids in North Africa occupy Pisa and conduct a raid on Rome |
| |
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|
847
. |
232H 9 Jamadilawal 233H 19 Jamadilawal |
| |
Al Mutawakkil becomes the Caliph abandons Mutazilite doctrines |
848
. |
233H 20 Jamadilawal 234H 1 Jamadilthani |
849
. |
234H 2 Jamadilthani 235H 12 Jamadilthani |
850
. |
235H 13 Jamadilthani 236H 23 Jamadilthani |
| |
Turkish influence in the Caliphate grows |
851
. |
236H 24 Jamadilthani 237H 4 Rejab |
852
. |
237H 5 Rejab 238H 16 Rejab |
853
. |
238H 17 Rejab 239H 26 Rejab |
854
. |
239H 27 Rejab 240H 7 Syaban |
855
. |
240H 8 Syaban 241H 7 Syaban |
| |
Death of Imam ibn Hanbal after whom the Hanbali school of FIqh is named |
856
. |
241H 18 Syaban 242H 29 Syaban |
857
. |
242H 30 Syaban 243H 10 Ramadan |
858
. |
243H 11 Ramadan 244H 21 Ramadan |
859
. |
244H 22 Ramadan 245H 2 Syawal |
860
. |
245H 3 Syawal 246H 14 Syawal |
| |
|
861
. |
246H 15 Syawal 247H 25 Syawal |
| |
University of Kairaouine ( established 859 CE ) in Fes Morocco. Caliph al Mutawakkil is murdered in Baghdad. Al Muntasir becomes the Caliph |
862
. |
247H 26 Syawal 248H 6 Zulqa'dah |
863
. |
248H 7 Zulqa'dah 249H 16 Zulqa'dah |
864
. |
249H 17 Zulqa'dah 250H 28 Zulqa'dah |
865
. |
250H 29 Zulqa'dah 251H 8 Zulhijjah |
866
. |
251H 9 Zulhijjah 252H 19 Zulhijjah |
| |
Al Mutaz becomes the Caliph |
867
. |
252H 20 Zulhijjah 253H 30 Zulhijjah |
868
. |
254H 1 Muharram 255H 12 Muharram |
| |
Egypt becomes autonomous under the Tulunids |
| |
Palermo in Sicily becomes a center of Islamic learning |
| |
Death of Imam al Hadi |
869
. |
255H 13 Muharram 256H 23 Muharram |
870
. |
256H 24 Muharram 257H 4 Safar |
| |
The Zanj workers from East Africa revolt in Iraq |
| |
Death of Al Farabi and Al Kindi noted men of science |
| |
Death of Al Tabari renowned physician |
| |
The Muslims capture Malta |
| |
Al Mutamid becomes the Caliph in Baghdad |
871
. |
257H 5 Safar 258H 15 Safar |
872
. |
258H 16 Safar 259H 26 Safar |
873
. |
259H 27 Safar 260H 7 Rabiulawal |
874
. |
260H 8 Rabiulawal 261H 18 Rabiulawal |
| |
Death of Abul Hussain Muslim, compiler of Hadith |
| |
Death of Imam al Askari |
| |
Death of Al Kindi mathematician astronomer |
| |
Death of Al Bistami one of the most celebrated Sufi Shaikhs |
| |
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|
875
. |
261H 19 Rabiulawal 262H 28 Rabiulawal |
| |
Hamdan Karamat starts the Karamatian movement |
| |
The Sassanids establish themselves in Bokhara |
876
. |
262H 29 Rabiulawal 263H 11 Rabiulthani |
877
. |
263H 12 Rabiulthani 264H 22 Rabiulthani |
878
. |
264H 23 Rabiulthani 265H 3 Jamadilawal |
| |
Disappearance of Imam al Muntazar the Twelth Imam |
| |
Beginning of belief in the hidden Imam |
879
. |
265H 4 Jamadilawal 266H 14 Jamadilawal |
880
. |
266H 15 Jamadilawal 267H 25 Jamadilawal |
| |
The Aghlabids lose southern Italy to Christian forces |
881
. |
267H 26 Jamadilawal 268H 6 Jamadilthani |
882
. |
268H 7 Jamadilthani 269H 16 Jamadilthani |
| |
A rebellion of the Zanj in Iraq is crushed |
883
. |
269H 17 Jamadilthani 270H 27 Jamadilthani |
884
. |
270H 28 Jamadilthani 271H 9 Rejab |
885
. |
271H 10 Rejab 272H 20 Rejab |
886
. |
272H 21 Rejab 273H 1 Syaban |
887
. |
273H 2 Syaban 274H 12 Syaban |
| |
Peasant revolt in China against foreigners forces out the Muslims of Canton |
888
. |
274H 13 Syaban 275H 23 Syaban |
889
. |
275H 24 Syaban 276H 4 Ramadan |
| |
Death of Ibn Kutaiba historian |
890
. |
276H 5 Ramadan 277H 15 Ramadan |
| |
Spanish Muslims re-establish bases in southern France and conduct raids into Switzerland |
891
. |
277H 16 Ramadan 278H 25 Ramadan |
892
. |
278H 26 Ramadan 279H 7 Syawal |
| |
Death of Muhammed al Tharmidi historian |
| |
Al Mutadid becomes the Caliph |
893
. |
279H 8 Syawal 280H 18 Syawal |
| |
The Karamatians capture Yemen |
894
. |
280H 19 Syawal 281H 29 Syawal |
895
. |
281H 30 Syawal 282H 10 Syawal |
896
. |
282H 11 Syawal 283H 22 Zulqa'dah |
897
. |
283H 23 Zulqa'dah 284H 3 Zulhijjah |
898
. |
284H 4 Zulhijjah 285H 14 Zulhijjah |
| |
Imam al Hadi Yahya establishes a Zaidi state in Yemen |
| |
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|
899
. |
285H 15 Zulhijjah 286H 24 Zulhijjah |
900
. |
286H 25 Zulhijjah 288H 6 Muharram |
| |
The Arabian Nights are compiled |
| |
Improvements appear in the design and use of the Astrolabe |
| |
The Kharijites establish a dynasty in Sijilmasa North Africa |
901
. |
288H 7 Muharram 289H 16 Muharram |
| |
The Samanids emerge in Khorasan Persia |
902
. |
289H 17 Muharram 290H 27 Muharram |
| |
Al Muktafi becomes the Caliph |
903
. |
290H 28 Muharram 291H 9 Safar |
| |
The Karamatians plunder Damascus |
904
. |
291H 10 Safar 292H 20 Safar |
| |
Muslim armies capture Solonika from the Byzantines |
905
. |
292H 21 Safar 293H 2 Rabiulawwal |
906
. |
293H 3 Rabiulawwal 294H 12 Rabiulawwal |
907
. |
294H 13 Rabiulawwal 295H 22 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Abu Abdullah Fatimid leader moves to North Africa |
908
. |
295H 23 Rabiulawal 296H 4 Rabiulthani |
| |
Al Muqtadir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad |
909
. |
296H 5 Rabiulthani 297H 15 Rabiulthani |
| |
The Fatimids establish themselves in North Africa |
| |
Ubaidulla al Mahdi becomes the first Fatimid Caliph |
910
. |
297H 16 Rabiulthani 298H 25 Rabiulthani |
| |
Al Razi conducts research into infectious diseases including small pox,rabies and the plague |
911
. |
298H 26 Rabiulthani 299H 7 Jamadilawwal |
912
. |
299H 8 Jamadilawwal 300H 19 Jamadilawwal |
| |
Reign of Abdul Rahman III in Spain (912 - 961). Cordoba becomes the premier city of Europe. Golden age of Spain. Science and civilization thrive. |
| |
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|
913
. |
300H 20 Jamadilawwal 301H 30 Jamadilawwal |
914
. |
301H 1 Jamadilthani 30211 Jamadilthani |
| |
Nasr al Saeed of the Samanids in Khorasan favors the Fatimids over the Abbasids |
915
. |
302H 12 Jamadilthani 303H 21 Jamadilthani |
| |
The Kharijites establish themselves in southern Morocco |
| |
The Fatimids raid Egypt |
916
. |
303H 22 Jamadilthani 304H 3 Rejab |
917
. |
304H 4 Rejab 305H 14 Rejab |
918
. |
305H 15 Rejab 306H 24 Rejab |
919
. |
306H 25 Rejab 307H 5 Syaban |
920
. |
307H 6 Syaban 308H 17 Syaban |
921
. |
308H 18 Syaban 309H 28 Syaban |
922
. |
309H 29 Syaban 310H 9 Ramadan |
| |
Mansur al Hallaj Persian mystic is executed for his esoteric views |
| |
Beginning of the Tahirid dynasty in Iraq |
923
. |
310H 10 Ramadan 311H 20 Ramadan |
| |
Death of Abu Tabari, noted commentator on the Quran |
924
. |
311H 21 Ramadan 312H 2 Syawal |
925
. |
312H 3 Syawal 313H 12 Syawal |
| |
Death of Al Razi doctor of medicine |
926
. |
313H 13 Syawal 314H 22 Syawal |
927
. |
314H 23 Syawal 315H 3 Zulqa'dah |
928
. |
315H 4 Zulqa'dah 316H 15 Zulqa'dah |
929
. |
316H 16 Zulqa'dah 317H 26 Zulqa'dah |
| |
In response to Fatimid claims to the Caliphate, Abdul Rahman III of Spain assumes the title of Caliph and protector of Sunni Muslims in North Africa |
930
. |
317H 27 Zulqa'dah 318H 8 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Karamatians raid Mecca and carry off the Hijr e Aswad from the Haram to Bahrain |
931
. |
318H 9 Zulhijjah 319H 18 Zulhijjah |
| |
Abdur Rahman III occupies Ceuta |
| |
The Fatimids capture Algeria |
932
. |
319H 19 Zulhijjah 320H 30 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Buyids establish their rule in southern Iraq |
| |
Al Qahir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad |
933
. |
321H 1 Muharram 322H 11 Muharram |
| |
The Ishkedids displace the Tulunids in Egypt and rule until 969 |
934
. |
322H 12 Muharram 323H 21 Muharram |
| |
Al Radi becomes the Abbasid Caliph |
| |
Al Qaim becomes the Fatimid Caliph |
935
. |
323H 22 Muharram 324H 2 Safar |
936
. |
324H 3 Safar 325H 14 Safar |
| |
Death of Al Ashari (874-936), highly influential theologian who reconciled Mutazilite doctrines with orthodox theology. Author of ''occasionalism' in philosophy |
937
. |
325H 15 Safar 326H 25 Safar |
938
. |
326H 26 Safar 327H 6 Rabiulawwal |
| |
|
939
. |
327H 7 Rabiulawwal 328H 17 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Abdul RAhman III of Spain captures Fraxinetum, Valais,Geneva, Toulon and Great St. Bernard |
940
. |
328H 18 Rabiulawwal 329H 28 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Extensive postal services are established by the Abbasids |
| |
Al Muttaqi becomes the Abbasid Caliph |
| |
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|
941
. |
329H 29 Rabiulawwal 330H 9 Rabiulthani |
942
. |
330H 10 Rabiulthani 331H 20 Rabiulthani |
943
. |
331H 21 Rabiulthani 332H 1 Jamadilawwal |
944
. |
332H 2 Jamadilawwal 333H 12 Jamadilawwal |
945
. |
333H 13 Jamadilawwal 334H 23 Jamadilawwal |
| |
The Buyids temporarily capture Baghdad |
946
. |
334H 24 Jamadilawwal 335H 4 Jamadilthani |
| |
Al Mutee becomes the Abbasid Caliph |
| |
Al Mansur becomes the Fatimid Caliph |
947
. |
335H 5 Jamadilthani 336H 15 Jamadilthani |
948
. |
336H 16 Jamadilthani 337H 27 Jamadilthani |
949
. |
337H 28 Jamadilthani 338H 8 Rejab |
| |
|
950
. |
338H 9 Rejab 339H 19 Rejab |
| |
Death of Al Farabi , noted scientist, philosopher, jurist,author of treatises on ethics, music and logic, Sufi Shaykh |
951
. |
339H 20 Rejab 340H 29 Rejab |
| |
The Ikhwan as Safa in Iraq compile an Ecyclopedia of Knowledge |
952
. |
340H 30 Rejab 341H 11 Syaban |
953
. |
341H 12 Syaban 342H 21 Syaban |
| |
Al Muiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in North Africa |
954
. |
342H 22 Syaban 342H 2 Ramadan |
955
. |
342H 3 Ramadan 344H 13 Ramadan |
| |
Sharp naval engagements between the navies of Al Muiz and Abdul Rahman III off the coast of Spain |
956
. |
344H 14 Ramadan 345H 25 Ramadan |
957
. |
345H 26 Ramadan 346H 6 Syawal |
| |
Al Masudi, the historian, passes away |
958
. |
346H 7 Syawal 347H 17 Syawal |
959
. |
347H 18 Syawal 348H 28 Syawal |
960
. |
348H 29 Syawal 349H 9 Zulqa'dah |
| |
|
961
. |
349H 10 Zulqa'dah 350H 20 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Death of Abdul Rahman III |
| |
The Oghuz family of Turks in Central Asia accepts Islam |
962
. |
350H 21 Zulqa'dah 351H 1 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Seljuk, Alaptagin, establishes a kingdom in Ghazna Afghanistan |
963
. |
351H 2 Zulhijjah 352H 11 Zulhijjah |
964
. |
352H 12 Zulhijjah 353H 23 Zulhijjah |
965
. |
353H 24 Zulhijjah 355H 5 Muharram |
966
. |
355H 6 Muharram 356H 16 Muharram |
967
. |
356H 17 Muharram 357H 26 Muharram |
968
. |
357H 27 Muharram 358H 8 Safar |
| |
The Umayyads establish a university in Cordoba |
969
. |
358H 9 Safar 359H 19 Safar |
| |
The Fatimids conquer Egypt and establish the city of Cairo |
970
. |
359H 20 Safar 360H 29 Safar |
| |
The Fatimids capture Syria, Mecca and Madina and lay claim to the leadership of the Islamic world. Fatimid rule in Multan ( modern Pakistan ). Brisk trade between Alexandria, Egypt and Venice, Italy |
971
. |
360H 30 Safar 361H 10 Rabiulawwal |
| |
The Fatimids establish Al-Azhar University in Cairo |
972
. |
361H 11 Rabiulawwal 362H 22 Rabiulawwal |
973
. |
362H 23 Rabiulawwal 363H 3 Rabiulthani |
| |
|
974
. |
363H 4 Rabiulthani 364H 14 Rabiulthani |
| |
Al Ta'ee becomes the Abbasid Caliph |
975
. |
364H 15 Rabiulthani 365H 25 Rabiulthani |
| |
Death of Al Muiz, Fatimid Caliph of Egypt. Al Aziz becomes the Fatimid Caliph |
| |
Muslim astronomers publish manuscripts showing constellations of stars |
976
. |
365H 26 Rabiulthani 366H 7 Jamadilawwal |
977
. |
366H 8 Jamadilawwal 367H 17 Jamadilawwal |
978
. |
367H 18 Jamadilawwal 368H 27 Jamadilawwal |
979
. |
368H 28 Jamadilawwal 369H 8 Jamadilthani |
980
. |
369H 9 Jamadilthani 370H 20 Jamadilthani |
981
. |
370H 21 Jamadilthani 371H 1 Rejab |
982
. |
371H 2 Rejab 372H 12 Rejab |
983
. |
372H 13 Rejab 373H 23 Rejab |
984
. |
373H 24 Rejab 374H 5 Syaban |
985
. |
374H 6 Syaban 375H 16 Syaban |
986
. |
375H 17 Syaban 376H 26 Syaban |
987
. |
376H 27 Syaban 377H 7 Ramadan |
988
. |
377H 8 Ramadan 378H 19 Ramadan |
| |
Count Vladimir of Kiev embraces Eastern Orthodox Christianity |
989
. |
378H 20 Ramadan 379H 29 Ramadan |
990
. |
379H 1 Syawal 380H 10 Syawal |
991
. |
380H 11 Syawal 381H 21 Syawal |
| |
Al Qadir becomes the Abbasid Caliph |
992
. |
381H 22 Syawal 382H 4 Zulqa'dah |
993
. |
382H 5 Zulqa'dah 383H 14 Zulqa'dah |
994
. |
383H 15 Zulqa'dah 384H 25 Zulqa'dah |
995
. |
384H 26 Zulqa'dah 385H 6 Zulhijjah |
996
. |
385H 7 Zulhijjah 386H 7 Zulhijjah |
| |
Al Hakim becomes the Fatimid Caliph |
| |
Pope Pious XI declares the Crusades against Muslim |
997
. |
386H 18 Zulhijjah 387H 28 Zulhijjah |
| |
Mahmud succeeds Alaptagin in Ghazna and dominates Central Asia |
| |
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|
998
. |
387H 29 Zulhijjah 389H 9 Muharram |
999
. |
389H 10 Muharram 390H 19 Muharram |
| |
Large scale Turkish migrations into Central Asia.
|
| |
Kara Khani Turks occupy Bukhara.
|
| |
Mahmud of Ghazna annexes Khorasan.
|
| |
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|
1000
. |
390H 20 Muharram 391H 2 Safar |
| |
Mahmud makes the first of seventeen raids into India.
|
| |
The Chinese use gunpowder to propel arrows.
|
1001
. |
391H 3 Safar 392H 13 Safar |
| |
Mahmud starts campaigns to capture Peshawar, Bhera, Nagarkot, Tarain, Thaneshwar and Kanauj in India.
|
1002
. |
392H 14 Safar 393H 23 Safar |
1003
. |
393H 24 Safar 394H 4 Rabiulawwal |
1004
. |
394H 5 Rabiulawwal 395H 16 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Mahmud defeats Dawud, Fatimid ruler of Multan.
|
1005
. |
395H 17 Rabiulawwal 396H 26 Rabiulawwal |
1006
. |
396H 27 Rabiulawwal 397H 7 Rabiulthani |
1007
. |
397H 8 Rabiulthani 398H 18 Rabiulthani |
1008
. |
398H 19 Rabiulthani 399H 30 Rabiulthani |
1009
. |
399H 1 Jamadilawwal 400H 11 Jamadilawwal |
1010
. |
400H 12 Jamadilawwal 401H 22 Jamadilawwal |
1011
. |
401H 23 Jamadilawwal 402H 3 Jamadilthani |
1012
. |
402H 4 Jamadilthani 403H 15 Jamadilthani |
1013
. |
403H 16 Jamadilthani 404H 25 Jamadilthani |
1014
. |
404H 26 Jamadilthani 405H 6 Rejab |
1015
. |
405H 7 Rejab 406H 16 Rejab |
1016
. |
406H 17 Rejab 407H 28 Rejab |
| |
The Christians reclaim Sardinia.
|
1017
. |
407H 29 Rejab 408H 9 Syaban |
| |
Beginning of the Druze sect in Lebanon.
|
1018
. |
408H 10 Syaban 409H 20 Syaban |
1019
. |
409H 21 Syaban 410H 1 Ramadan |
1020
. |
410H 2 Ramadan 411H 13 Ramadan |
| |
Death of Firdowsi of Persia, author of Shah Nama.
|
| |
Mahmud establishes Lahore as the capital of Punjab.
|
| |
Death of Fatimid Caliph al Hakim who had claimed divinity.
|
1021
. |
411H 14 Ramadan 412H 23 Ramadan |
| |
Al Zahir becomes the Fatimid Caliph.
|
1022
. |
412H 24 Ramadan 413H 4 Syawal |
1023
. |
413H 5 Syawal 414H 15 Syawal |
1024
. |
414H 16 Syawal 415H 26 Syawal |
| |
Mahmud raids temple of Somanath in Gujrat, India.
|
1025
. |
415H 27 Syawal 416H 8 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Al Baruni publishes Kitab ul Hind, a penetrating study of the people of India.
|
1026
. |
416H 9 Zulqa'dah 417H 19 Zulqa'dah |
1027
. |
417H 20 Zulqa'dah 418H 30 Zulqa'dah |
1028
. |
418H 1 Zulhijjah 419H 12 Zulhijjah |
1029
. |
419H 13 Zulhijjah 420H 22 Zulhijjah |
1030
. |
420H 23 Zulhijjah 422H 3 Muharram |
| |
Death of Mahmud of Ghazna.
Umayyad caliphate in Cordoba defeated by the Christian Reconquista.
|
| |
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|
1031
. |
422H 4 Muharram 423H 14 Muharram |
| |
The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba disintegrates. Spain breaks up into petty emirates. The Christian kingdoms of Castille, Leon and Portugal position themselves to attack the Muslim territories.
|
| |
Al Qaim becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad.
|
1032
. |
423H 15 Muharram 424H 25 Muharram |
| |
The Church of Constantinople breaks with the Church of Rome over the issue of icons in the Church.
|
1033
. |
424H 26 Muharram 425H 6 Safar |
1034
. |
425H 7 Safar 426H 17 Safar |
1035
. |
426H 18 Safar 427H 28 Safar |
1036
. |
427H 29 Safar 428H 10 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Taghril Beg becomes Seljuk Sultan.
|
| |
Al Mustansir becomes the Fatimid Caliph.
|
1037
. |
428H 11 Rabiulawwal 429H 21 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Death of Abu Ali ibn Sina, one of the greatest of physicians.
|
| |
Ferdinand I, king of Castille, captures Leon.
|
1038
. |
429H 22 Rabiulawwal 430H 2 Rabiulthani |
| |
Death of Al Hazen, noted physicist.
|
1039
. |
430H 3 Rabiulthani 431H 12 Rabiulthani |
1040
. |
431H 13 Rabiulthani 432H 23 Rabiulthani |
1041
. |
432H 24 Rabiulthani 433H 4 Jamadilawwal |
| |
|
1042
. |
433H 5 Jamadilawwal 434H 15 Jamadilawwal |
| |
|
1043
. |
434H 16 Jamadilawwal 435H 26 Jamadilawwal |
| |
The Fatimid Empire begins to crumble. Mecca, Madina, Yemen and North Africa are lost by the Fatimids.
|
1044
. |
435H 27 Jamadilawwal 436H 8 Jamadilthani |
1045
. |
436H 9 Jamadilthani 437H 19 Jamadilthani |
1046
. |
437H 20 Jamadilthani 438H 30 Jamadilthani |
1047
. |
438H 1 Rejab 439H 11 Rejab |
1048
. |
439H 12 Rejab 440H 22 Rejab |
| |
Death of al Bairuni, historian, author of Kitab ul Hind.
|
1049
. |
440H 23 Rejab 441H 3 Syaban |
1050
. |
441H 4 Syaban 442H 14 Syaban |
| |
The Christians advance in Sicily.
|
1051
. |
442H 15 Syaban 443H 24 Syaban |
| |
Beginning of the Murabitun revolution in West Africa.
|
1052
. |
443H 25 Syaban 444H 6 Ramadan |
1053
. |
444H 7 Ramadan 445H 17 Ramadan |
1054
. |
445H 18 Ramadan 446H 28 Ramadan |
1055
. |
446H 29 Ramadan 447H 9 Syawal |
| |
|
1056
. |
447H 10 Syawal 448H 21 Syawal |
| |
The Seljuk Taghril Beg and the Buyid Basisiri contest the control of Baghdad.
|
1057
. |
448H 22 Syawal 449H 2 Zulqa'dah |
1058
. |
449H 3 Zulqa'dah 450H 12 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Taghril Beg is anointed by Abbasid Caliph Kaim as “sultan of the east and the west” for his role in protecting the Abbasid Caliphate.
|
1059
. |
450H 13 Zulqa'dah 451H 23 Zulqa'dah |
1060
. |
451H 24 Zulqa'dah 452H 5 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Seljuk Turks advance into Persia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
|
| |
The Crusaders raid the coast of North Africa.
|
| |
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|
1061
. |
452H 6 Zulhijjah 453H 16 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Murabitun capture Morocco.
|
| |
The Murabitun establish the city of Marrakesh as their capital.
|
1062
. |
453H 17 Zulhijjah 454H 27 Zulhijjah |
1063
. |
454H 28 Zulhijjah 456H 8 Muharram |
| |
Taghril Beg dies childless. His nephew Alap Arsalan becomes the Seljuk sultan.
|
1064
. |
456H 9 Muharram 457H 20 Muharram |
1065
. |
457H 21 Muharram 458H 1 Safar |
1066
. |
458H 2 Safar 459H 11 Safar |
1067
. |
459H 12 Safar 460H 21 Safar |
1068
. |
460H 22 Safar 461H 3 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Beginning of the Songhay Empire in West Africa.
|
1069
. |
461H 4 Rabiulawwal 462H 14 Rabiulawwal |
1070
. |
462H 15 Rabiulawwal 463H 25 Rabiulawwal |
1071
. |
463H 26 Rabiulawwal 464H 6 Rabiulthani |
1072
. |
464H 7 Rabiulthani 465H 18 Rabiulthani |
| |
Battle of Manzikert. The Seljuk Turks under Alap Arsalan defeat the Byzantines under Emperor Romanus and open up Anatolia for Turkish settlement.
|
| |
The Christians capture Palermo in Sicily.
|
1073
. |
465H 19 Rabiulthani 466H 28 Rabiulthani |
1074
. |
466H 29 Rabiulthani 467H 9 Jamadilawwal |
1075
. |
467H 10 Jamadilawwal 468H 20 Jamadilawwal |
| |
The Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah retakes Syria from the Fatimids.
|
| |
Al Muqtadi becomes the Abbasid Caliph.
|
1076
. |
468H 21 Jamadilawwal 469H 2 Jamadilthani |
1077
. |
469H 3 Jamadilthani 470H 12 Jamadilthani |
| |
Birth of Abdul Qader Jeelani, celebrated Sufi sage.
|
1078
. |
470H 13 Jamadilthani 471H 23 Jamadilthani |
1079
. |
471H 24 Jamadilthani 472H 4 Rejab |
1080
. |
472H 5 Rejab 473H 16 Rejab |
1081
. |
473H 17 Rejab 474H 27 Rejab |
1082
. |
474H 28 Rejab 475H 8 Syaban |
1083
. |
475H 9 Syaban 476H 19 Syaban |
1084
. |
476H 20 Syaban 477H 1 Ramadan |
1085
. |
477H 2 Ramadan 478H 11 Ramadan |
| |
Alfonso I of Castile captures Toledo, the ancient capital of Visigoth Spain. The extensive libraries of Toledo become accessible to Christian Europe.
|
1086
. |
478H 12 Ramadan 479H 22 Ramadan |
| |
The Murabitun emir, Yusuf bin Tashfin, advances into Spain at the head of a powerful African force.
|
| |
The Nizamiya College is founded in Baghdad by Nizam ul Mulk, grand vizier to Sultan Malik Shah.
|
| |
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|
1087
. |
479H 23 Ramadan 480H 3 Syawal |
| |
Yusuf bin Tashfin defeats Alfonso VI at the Battle of Sagrajas.
|
| |
The Crusaders sack Mahdiya in North Africa.
|
| |
The assassin terror grows in Iraq and Syria.
|
1088
. |
480H 4 Syawal 481H 14 Syawal |
1089
. |
481H 15 Syawal 482H 25 Syawal |
1090
. |
482H 26 Syawal 483H 7 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Al Ghazzali teaches at NizamiyaCollege, Baghdad.
|
| |
The Crusaders capture Malta.
|
| |
The assassins capture Alamut in northern Syria and establish a training center for fidayees.
|
1091
. |
483H 8 Zulqa'dah 484H 7 Zulqa'dah |
| |
End of Muslim presence in Sicily.
|
| |
Smyrna in Anatolia becomes the Seljuk capital.
|
| |
Death of Sultan Malik Shah.
|
| |
The assassins murder grand vizier Nizam ul Mulk.
|
1092
. |
484H 18 Zulqa'dah 485H 29 Zulqa'dah |
1093
. |
485H 30 Zulqa'dah 486H 9 Zulhijjah |
1094
. |
486H 10 Zulhijjah 487H 20 Zulhijjah |
| |
Al Mustansir becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad.
|
| |
Al Mustadi becomes the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo.
|
1095
. |
487H 21 Zulhijjah 489H 1 Muharram |
| |
Pope Urban II declares a Crusade to take Jerusalem.
|
| |
Al Afdal, grand vizier of Fatimid Egypt, recaptures Jerusalem from Turkish emir Duqaq of Damascus.
|
1096
. |
489H 2 Muharram 490H 13 Muharram |
| |
The start of the First Crusade.
|
1097
. |
490H 14 Muharram 491H 24 Muharram |
| |
Konya Anatolia becomes the Seljuk capital.
|
| |
The Turks retreat before the advancing Crusaders. |
| |
The Fatimids in Egypt start negotiations with the Crusaders to divide up Seljuk territories. |
1098
. |
491H 25 Muharram 492H 5 Safar |
| |
The Crusaders capture Antioch.
|
1099
. |
492H 6 Safar 493H 16 Safar |
| |
Jerusalem falls to the Crusaders. The Muslims and the Jews are massacred. Baldwin becomes king of Jerusalem.
|
| |
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|
1100
. |
493H 17 Safar 494H 27 Safar |
| |
Al Ghazzali writes a powerful diatribe, Tahaffuz al Falsafa, against speculative philosophy. In Ihya al Uloom, he accords tasawwuf an honored position in the Islamic sciences.
|
1101
. |
494H 28 Safar 495H 8 Rabiulawwal |
1102
. |
495H 9 Rabiulawwal 496H 19 Rabiulawwal |
1103
. |
496H 20 Rabiulawwal 497H 29 Rabiulawwal |
1104
. |
497H 1 Rabiulthani 498H 11 Rabiulthani |
1105
. |
498H 12 Rabiulthani 499H 22 Rabiulthani |
1106
. |
499H 23 Rabiulthani 500H 3 Jamadilawwal |
| |
Death of Yusuf bin Tashfin, emir of the Murabitun.
|
1107
. |
500H 4 Jamadilawwal 501H 14 Jamadilawwal |
1108
. |
501H 15 Jamadilawwal 502H 26 Jamadilawwal |
1109
. |
502H 27 Jamadilawwal 503H 7 Jamadilthani |
1110
. |
503H 8 Jamadilthani 504H 17 Jamadilthani |
1111
. |
504H 18 Jamadilthani 505H 27 Jamadilthani |
| |
Abu Hamid al Ghazzali dies after transforming the intellectual landscape of the Islamic world.
|
1112
. |
505H 28 Jamadilthani 506H 10 Rejab |
1113
. |
506H 11 Rejab 507H 20 Rejab |
| |
Maudud, a Seljuk officer from Mosul, defeats King Baldwin of Jerusalem.
|
1114
. |
507H 21 Rejab 508H 1 Syaban |
1115
. |
508H 2 Syaban 509H 12 Syaban |
1116
. |
509H 13 Syaban 510H 24 Syaban |
1117
. |
510H 25 Syaban 511H 5 Ramadan |
1118
. |
511H 6 Ramadan 512H 16 Ramadan |
| |
Al Mustarshid, Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad.
|
1119
. |
512H 17 Ramadan 513H 26 Ramadan |
1120
. |
513H 27 Ramadan 514H 8 Syawal |
1121
. |
514H 9 Syawal 515H 19 Syawal |
1122
. |
515H 20 Syawal 516H 30 Syawal |
1123
. |
516H 1 Zulqa'dah 517H 11 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Death of Omar al Khayyam, mathematician, mystic.
|
1124
. |
517H 12 Zulqa'dah 518H 23 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Death of Hassan al Sabbah, leader of the Assassins.
|
1125
. |
518H 24 Zulqa'dah 519H 4 Zulhijjah |
1126
. |
519H 5 Zulhijjah 520H 15 Zulhijjah |
| |
Archbishop Raymond establishes a school in Toledo to translate Arabic books into Latin.
|
1127
. |
520H 16 Zulhijjah 521H 25 Zulhijjah |
| |
The Assassins murder Turkish officer Maudud.
|
1128
. |
521H 26 Zulhijjah 523H 7 Muharram |
1129
. |
523H 8 Muharram 524H 17 Muharram |
1130
. |
524H 18 Muharram 525H 28 Muharram |
| |
Death of ibn Tumart, leader of the Al Muhaddithin.
|
1131
. |
525H 29 Muharram 526H 9 Safar |
1132
. |
526H 10 Safar 527H 21 Safar |
| |
Roger II of Sicily invites Muslim scholars to work at his court.
|
| |
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|
1133
. |
527H 22 Safar 528H 2 Rabiulawwal |
1134
. |
528H 3 Rabiulawwal 529H 13 Rabiulawwal |
1135
. |
529H 14 Rabiulawwal 530H 24 Rabiulawwal |
1136
. |
530H 25 Rabiulawwal 531H 6 Rabiulthani |
1137
. |
531H 7 Rabiulthani 532H 16 Rabiulthani |
1138
. |
532H 17 Rabiulthani 533H 26 Rabiulthani |
1139
. |
533H 27 Rabiulthani 534H 7 Jamadilawwal |
| |
Birth of Khwaja Moeenuddin Chishti, Sufi sage.
|
1140
. |
534H 8 Jamadilawwal 535H 19 Jamadilawwal |
1141
. |
535H 20 Jamadilawwal 536H 30 Jamadilawwal |
| |
The Kara Kitai Turkomans defeat the Seljuks at Amu Darya.
|
1142
. |
536H 1 Jamadilthani 537H 11 Jamadilthani |
1143
. |
537H 12 Jamadilthani 538H 22 Jamadilthani |
1144
. |
538H 23 Jamadilthani 539H 4 Rejab |
| |
The Seljuks, under Zengi, recapture Edessa. |
| |
Pope Eugene declares the Second Crusade. |
1145
. |
539H 5 Rejab 540H 15 Rejab |
| |
The Second Crusade collapses in Anatolia but succeeds in capturing Lisbon in Portugal. |
| |
End of the Murabitun rule in Andalus. |
1146
. |
540H 16 Rejab 541H 25 Rejab |
| |
The al Muhaddithin captures Morocco. |
| |
The assassins murder Seljuk Emir Zengi. |
1147
. |
541 26 Rejab 542H 6 Syaban |
1148
. |
542H 7 Syaban 543H 17 Syaban |
1149
. |
543H 18 Syaban 544H 28 Syaban |
| |
Al Zafir becomes the Fatimid Caliph.
|
1150
. |
544H 29 Syaban 545H 9 Ramadan |
| |
The University of Paris is established.
|
1151
. |
545H 10 Ramadan 546H 20 Ramadan |
| |
Al Idrisi constructs a map of the then known world.
|
1152
. |
546H 21 Ramadan 547H 3 Syawal |
1153
. |
547H 4 Syawal 548H 13 Syawal |
1154
. |
548H 14 Syawal 549H 24 Syawal |
| |
The Kurdish officer Nuruddin, in Seljuk service, takes Damascus. |
| |
Al Faiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo. |
1155
. |
549H 25 Syawal 550H 5 Zulqa'dah |
1156
. |
550H 6 Zulqa'dah 551H 16 Zulqa'dah |
1157
. |
551H 17 Zulqa'dah 552H 27 Zulqa'dah |
| |
The al Muhaddithin captures Andalus.
|
1158
. |
552H 28 Zulqa'dah 553H 8 Zulhijjah |
1159
. |
553H 9 Zulhijjah 554H 19 Zulhijjah |
1160
. |
554H 20 Zulhijjah 556H 1 Muharram |
| |
Al Mustanjid becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
| |
Al Adid, the last of the Fatimids, becomes the Caliph in Cairo. |
1161
. |
556H 2 Muharram 557H 12 Muharram |
1162
. |
557H 13 Muharram 558H 22 Muharram |
1163
. |
558H 23 Muharram 559H 3 Safar |
| |
The Seljuks and the Crusaders compete for influence in Fatimid Egypt.
|
1164
. |
559H 4 Safar 560H 15 Safar |
1165
. |
560H 16 Safar 561H 25 Safar |
1166
. |
561H 26 Safar 562H 6 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Death of Shaykh Abdul Qader Jeelani of Baghdad, called Shaykh ul Mashaiq, founder of the Qadariya Sufi order. |
| |
Death of the geographer, al Idrisi. |
1167
. |
562H 7 Rabiulawwal 563H 17 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Establishment of Oxford University in England. |
| |
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|
1168
. |
563H 18 Rabiulawwal 564H 29 Rabiulawwal |
1169
. |
564H 30 Rabiulawwal 565H 10 Rabiulthani |
1170
. |
565H 11 Rabiulthani 566H 21 Rabiulthani |
| |
Salahuddin takes Egypt from the Fatimids. |
| |
Al Mustadi becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
1171
. |
566H 22 Rabiulthani 567H 2 Jamadilawwal |
| |
End of the Fatimid era. Egypt reverts to the Abbasid Caliphate. |
1172
. |
567H 3 Jamadilawwal 568H 13 Jamadilawwal |
1173
. |
568H 14 Jamadilawwal 569H 24 Jamadilawwal |
| |
Ghiasuddin Ghori established the kingdom of Ghor in Afghanistan. |
1174
. |
569H 25 Jamadilawwal 570H 5 Jamadilthani |
1175
. |
570H 6 Jamadilthani 571H 15 Jamadilthani |
| |
Salahuddin consolidates his hold on Syria and Egypt. |
| |
Death of Ahmed al Rifai, founder of the Rifaiyah Sufi brotherhood. |
1176
. |
571H 16 Jamadilthani 572H 27 Jamadilthani |
1177
. |
572H 28 Jamadilthani 573H 9 Rejab |
| |
Muhammed Ghori adds Multan, Uch, Dera Ismail Khan and Sindh to his dominions. |
1178
. |
573H 10 Rejab 574H 19 Rejab |
1179
. |
574H 20 Rejab 575H 1 Syaban |
| |
Muhammed Ghori starts campaigns to capture Peshawar and Sialkot. |
1180
. |
575H 2 Syaban 576H 12 Syaban |
1181
. |
576H 13 Syaban 577H 22 Syaban |
1182
. |
577H 23 Syaban 578H 3 Ramadan |
| |
Khwaja Muhammed Ghouse of Sindh introduces the Qadariya order into India and Pakistan. |
1183
. |
578H 4 Ramadan 579H 14 Ramadan |
1184
. |
579H 15 Ramadan 580H 25 Ramadan |
1185
. |
580H 26 Ramadan 581H 6 Syawal |
1186
. |
581H 7 Syawal 582H 17 Syawal |
1187
. |
582H 18 Syawal 583H 28 Syawal |
| |
Battle of Hittin. Salahuddin triumphs and recaptures Jerusalem. |
| |
Muhammed Ghori captures Lahore. |
1188
. |
583H 29 Syawal 584H 11 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Pope Clement III launches the Third Crusade. |
1189
. |
584H 12 Zulqa'dah 585H 21 Zulqa'dah |
| |
Khwaja Moeenuddin Chisti moves to Ajmer, India and establishes the Chistiya order. |
1190
. |
585H 22 Zulqa'dah 586H 2 Zulhijjah |
| |
King Richard of England proposes a marriage between his sister and Saifuddin, brother of Salahuddin and for the two together to rule Jerusalem. The proposal is opposed by the Crusaders and is abandoned. |
1191
. |
586H 3 Zulhijjah 587H 12 Zulhijjah |
| |
Accra surrenders to the Crusaders after a long siege. |
| |
Mohammed Ghori suffers a defeat at the Battle of Tarain and is forced to withdraw towards Kabul. |
1192
. |
587H 13 Zulhijjah 588H 24 Zulhijjah |
| |
Muhammed Ghori, victorious over the Rajputs, captures Delhi. Prithvi Raj Chauhan, ruler of Ajmer and Delhi is slain. |
1193
. |
588H 25 Zulhijjah 590H 5 Muharram |
| |
Salahuddin passes away and is buried in Damascus.
|
1194
. |
590H 6 Muharram 591H 16 Muharram |
1195
. |
591H 17 Muharram 592H 27 Muharram |
1196
. |
592H 28 Muharram 593H 9 Safar |
| |
The al Muhaddith emir al Mansur defeats the Crusaders at the Battle of Alarcos. |
1197
. |
593H 10 Safar 594H 20 Safar |
1198
. |
594H 21 Safar 595H 1 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Death of ibn Rushd, of the great world philosophers. |
1199
. |
595H 2 Rabiulawwal 596H 11 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade. |
| |
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|
1200
. |
596H 12 Rabiulawwal 597H 22 Rabiulawwal |
| |
Islam takes roots in Indonesia. |
| |
Alauddin Muhammed becomes the Shah of Khwarazm. |
| |
The Crusaders capture Valencia. |
| |
Cambridge University is established in England. |
1201
. |
597H 23 Rabiulawwal 598H 3 Rabiulthani |
| |
The Latin Crusaders sack Zara, a Christian city on the Adriatic. |
1202
. |
598H 4 Rabiulthani 599H 14 Rabiulthani |
| |
The Delhi Sultanate is established. |
1203
. |
599H 15 Rabiulthani 600H 25 Rabiulthani |
| |
Death of Nizami, well known Farsi poet. |
1204
. |
600H 26 Rabiulthani 601H 7 Jamadilawwal |
| |
The Crusaders, led by Dondolo of Venice, sack Constantinople and loot its treasures. |
| |
Johan Shah, ruler of Sumatra, accepts Islam. |
1205
. |
601H 8 Jamadilawwal 602H 18 Jamadilawwal |
| |
The Turkoman Kara Kitai defeats Mohammed Ghori. |
| |
The Ghorids put down a rebellion in the Punjab. |
1206
. |
602H 19 Jamadilawwal 603H 29 Jamadilawwal |
| |
Genghiz Khan becomes the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. |
| |
The assassins murder Muhammed Ghori. |
| |
The Delhi sultans advance towards Bengal. |
1207
. |
603H 30 Jamadilawwal 604H 10 Jamadilthani |
1208
. |
604H 11 Jamadilthani 605H 21 Jamadilthani |
| 1209 |
|
| 1210 |
|
| 1211 |
: 608 AH |
| |
Altumish ascends the throne of Delhi. |
| 1212 |
: 609 AH |
| |
The Crusaders defeat the al Muhaddith at the Battle of Las Novas de Tolosa. |
| 1213 |
|
| 1214 |
|
| 1215 |
: 612 AH |
| |
Genghiz Khan captures northern China; learns the use of gunpowder from the Chinese. |
| 1216 |
|
| 1217 |
|
| 1218 |
: 615 AH |
| |
The Fifth Crusade is directed against Egypt. The Egyptians open the Nile docks and drown the invaders. |
| 1219 |
: 616 AH |
| |
Genghiz Khan invades the territories of Shah Muhammed of Khorasan. |
| 1220 |
: 617 AH |
| |
Genghiz Khan devastates Central Asia. |
| 1221 |
: 618 AH |
| |
Genghiz Khan destroys Persia and Afghanistan. |
| |
Prince Jalaluddin faces the Khan at the Battle of the Indus. |
| 1222 |
: 619 AH |
| |
Genghiz Khan returns to Mongolia. |
| 1223 |
: 620 AH |
| |
Ibn al Athir, celebrated historian, passes away. |
| |
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|
| 1224 |
|
| 1225 |
|
| 1226 |
|
| 1227 |
: 624 AH |
| |
Death of Genghiz Khan. The Mongols continue their advance through West Asia and Eastern Europe. |
| 1228 |
: 625 AH |
| |
The Sixth Crusade, directed at Egypt and led by Emperor Frederick II of Germany fails. |
| 1229 |
|
| 1230 |
: 627 AH |
| |
Sundiata starts consolidation of the Empire of Mali. |
| 1231 |
|
| 1232 |
|
| 1233 |
|
| 1234 |
|
| 1235 |
: 632 AH |
| |
Baba Fareed of Lahore becomes heads of the Chistiya order in India. |
| 1236 |
: 633 AH |
| |
Cordoba, capital of Muslim Spain, falls to the Crusaders. |
| |
Razia rules as Queen of India. |
| |
Death of Khwaja Moeenuddin Chishti of Ajmer, the most celebrated awliya of the subcontinent. |
| |
Al Mustansir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad. |
| 1237 |
|
| 1238 |
|
| 1239 |
|
| |
|
| 1240 |
: 637 AH |
| |
Death of ibn al Arabi, renowned Sufi Shaykh. |
| |
Roger Bacon teaches in England. |
| 1241 |
|
| 1242 |
: 639 AH |
| |
Al Musta’sim becomes the 37th and the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
| 1243 |
|
| 1244 |
|
| 1245 |
: 643 AH |
| |
At the Council of Lyons, Christian Europe resolves to seek an alliance with the Mongols against the Muslims. A Franciscan priest, John de Plano Carpini, arrives at the Mongol court to seek military assistance. |
| 1246 |
|
| 1247 |
|
| 1248 |
: 646 AH |
| |
Seville in Spain falls to the Christians. |
| |
Ibn Ahmar starts the Nasirid dynasty in Granada. |
| 1249 |
: 647 AH |
| |
The Seventh Crusade, directed at Egypt by the Franks, is beaten back. |
| 1250 |
: 648 AH |
| |
Shajarat al Durr rules as Queen of Egypt. |
| 1251 |
: 649 AH |
| |
Hulagu Khan becomes the Mongol lord of Persia and Central Asia. |
| 1252 |
|
| 1253 |
|
| 1254 |
|
| 1255 |
|
| 1256 |
: 654 AH |
| |
Hulagu Khan destroys the Assassins. |
| 1257 |
: 655 AH |
| |
Death of Shaykh Saadi, celebrated Farsi poet. |
| |
Nizamuddin Awliya becomes head of the Chishtiya order in Delhi. Islam spreads in India. |
| 1258 |
: 656 AH |
| |
Hulagu Khan sacks Baghdad. End of the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad. The curtain falls on the classic Islamic civilization. Caliph al Musta’sim is killed. |
| |
Death of Ali al Shadhuli, founder of the Shadhuli Sufi order. |
| 1259 |
|
| 1260 |
: 658 AH |
| |
Kublai Khan ascends the throne of China. Many capable Muslims work at the court of the Great Khan. |
| |
Hulagu Khan storms Aleppo and massacres its inhabitants. |
| 1261 |
: 659 AH |
| |
The Mamlukes of Egypt install Al Mustansir as the Abbasid Caliph in Cairo. |
| |
The Mamluke, Zahir Baybars of Egypt, defeats a combined army of Mongols, Armenians and Crusaders at the Battle of Ayn Jalut. |
| |
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|
| 1262 |
|
| 1263 |
|
| 1264 |
|
| 1265 |
: 663 AH |
| |
Death of Hulagu Khan. |
| 1266 |
|
| 1267 |
|
| 1268 |
|
| 1269 |
: 667 AH |
| |
The Merinide al Yakub captures Marrakesh. |
| 1270 |
|
| 1271 |
|
| 1272 |
|
| 1273 |
: 671 AH |
| |
Death of Jalaluddin Rumi, author of Mathnavi, the most celebrated of Farsi poets and founder of the Maulavi Sufi order. |
| 1274 |
: 672 AH |
| |
Death of al Tusi, astronomer and inventor of the 2-axis gimbal. |
| |
Emir al Yaqub of the Merinides defeats the Christians at the Battle of Ecija. |
| 1275 |
|
| 1276 |
|
| 1277 |
: 676 AH |
| |
Sultan Baybars defeats the Mongol armies at the Battle of Abulistan. |
| 1278 |
: 677 AH |
| |
Death of Sultan Baybars. |
| 1279 |
|
| 1280 |
|
| 1281 |
|
| 1282 |
|
| 1283 |
|
| 1284 |
|
| 1285 |
|
| 1286 |
|
| 1287 |
|
| 1288 |
|
| 1289 |
: 688 AH |
| |
The Mamlukes captures Acre, last Crusader stronghold in Syria. |
| 1290 |
: 689 AH |
| |
Sultan Malik Shah rules in Sumatra. |
| 1291 |
: 690 AH |
| |
Death of Shaykh Saadi, well known Farsi poet. |
| 1292 |
|
| 1293 |
|
| 1294 |
: 693 AH |
| |
Marco Polo returns to Italy from journey to the East. |
| 1295 |
: 694 AH |
| |
Ghazan the Great, the Il Khan Emperor, accepts Islam. |
| |
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|
| 1296 |
|
| 1297 |
|
| 1298 |
|
| 1299 |
|
| |
|
| 1300 |
: 699 AH |
| |
Alauddin Khilji consolidates his empire over the subcontinent. Malik Kafur advances into southern India. |
| 1301 |
: 700 AH |
| |
Uthman Ghazi, founder of the Ottoman Empire, consolidates his holdings around Burs and Eskishehir; he defeats the Byzantines at the Battle of Yalakova. |
| |
The Mamlukes triumph over the Il Khans at the Battle of Marj as Suffar. |
| 1302 |
|
| 1303 |
|
| 1304 |
|
| 1305 |
|
| 1306 |
|
| 1307 |
: 706 AH |
| |
Mansa Musa becomes emperor of Mali. |
| 1308 |
|
| 1309 |
|
| 1310 |
|
| 1311 |
|
| 1312 |
|
| 1313 |
|
| 1314 |
|
| 1315 |
|
| 1316 |
: 716 AH |
| |
Death of Alauddin Khilji, emperor of India. |
| 1317 |
|
| 1318 |
|
| 1319 |
|
| 1320 |
: 720 AH |
| |
The Khilji dynasty in India collapses. |
| |
Beginning of the Tughlaq dynasty. |
| 1321 |
|
| 1322 |
|
| 1323 |
|
| 1324 |
: 724 AH |
| |
Mansa Musa performs his hajj with an entourage of 12000. |
| 1325 |
: 725 AH |
| |
Death of Nizamuddin Awliya of Delhi. |
| |
Ibn Batuta begins his journey around the world. |
| |
Death of Amir Khusroe ,famed Sufi poet of India |
| 1326 |
: 726 AH |
| |
Death of Uthman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire. His successor Sultan Orkhan captures Bursa. |
| |
Death of ibn Taymiyah, noted scholar, considered to be the founder of the “salafi” school of thought. |
| 1327 |
|
| 1328 |
|
| 1329 |
|
| 1330 |
|
| 1331 |
|
| 1332 |
|
| 1333 |
: 733 AH |
| |
Yusuf I becomes emir of Granada, breaks with Castille, forms an alliance with the sultan of Morocco and makes a last attempt to capture Spain from the Christians. |
| 1334 |
: 734 AH |
| |
Ibn Batuta arrives in Delhi. |
| |
Death of Shaykh Safiuddin Ishaq, after whom the Safavid dynasty of Persia is named. |
| 1335 |
: 735 AH |
| |
Death of Abu Said, Il Khanid Prince. |
| 1336 |
|
| 1337 |
|
| 1338 |
|
| 1339 |
|
| |
|
| 1340 |
: 740 AH |
| |
The Yuan Emperor Toghon Timur of China sends an embassy to the court of Muhammed bin Tughlaq of India. |
| |
The Merinide navy defeats the Spaniards at the Battle of Tarifa. |
| |
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|
| 1341 |
: 742 AH |
| |
Death of Sultan ibn Qalawun of Egypt. |
| 1342 |
|
| 1343 |
|
| 1344 |
|
| |
|
| 1345 |
: 746 AH |
| |
Ibn Batuta visits Sultan Malik al Zahir of Pasai Indonesia. |
| 1346 |
: 747 AH |
| |
The Black Plague devastates Europe. |
| 1347 |
|
| 1348 |
|
| 1349 |
|
| 1350 |
|
| |
|
| 1351 |
: 752 AH |
| |
Death of Muhammed bin Tughlaq of India. The Tughlaq Empire begins to disintegrate. |
| 1352 |
|
| 1353 |
|
| |
|
| 1354 |
: 755 AH |
| |
Ibn Batuta visits the Empire of Mali. |
| |
The Ottomans capture Gallipoli and Ankara. |
| 1355 |
: 756 AH |
| |
Ibn Batuta returns to Tangier. The Merinide Sultan Abu Inan authorizes the writing of the Rehla of Ibn Batuta. |
| |
The Genoese briefly occupy Tripoli, Libya. |
| 1356 |
|
| 1357 |
: 758 AH |
| |
The Ottomans capture Erdirne. |
| 1358 |
|
| 1359 |
|
| 1360 |
|
| 1361 |
|
| 1362 |
|
| 1363 |
|
| 1364 |
|
| 1365 |
|
| 1366 |
|
| 1367 |
|
| 1368 |
: 769 AH |
| |
Timurlane, elected the leader of the Tatars, consolidates his hold on the valley of Farghana in Uzbekistan. |
| 1369 |
: 770 AH |
| |
Death of ibn Batuta. |
| 1370 |
|
| 1371 |
|
| 1372 |
|
| 1373 |
|
| 1374 |
|
| 1375 |
: 777 AH |
| |
Dimitrius, Count of Moscow, wins a victory over the Tatar Golden Horde. |
| 1376 |
: 778 AH |
| |
The Golden Horde burns down Moscow. |
| 1377 |
|
| 1378 |
|
| 1379 |
|
| |
|
| 1380 |
: 782 AH |
| |
Timurlane begins his first campaign in Persia. |
| |
Shaykh Awliya Karim al Maqdum introduces Islam into Mindanao, the Philippines. |
| |
Kara Muhammed, leader of the Turkish tribe Kara Kuyunlu, establishes his kingdom near Mosul. |
| 1381 |
: 783 AH |
| |
The Ottomans capture Bulgaria. |
| 1382 |
|
| 1383 |
|
| 1384 |
|
| 1385 |
: 787 AH |
| |
The Ottomans capture Thrace. |
| 1386 |
|
| 1387 |
: 789 AH |
| |
Timurlane invades Russia and destroys the power of the Golden Horde. Russia begins its long march towards political consolidation. |
| 1388 |
|
| 1389 |
: 791 AH |
| |
Bayazid I becomes the Ottoman sultan, defeats the Serbs at the Battle of Kosova. |
| |
Death of Hafiz, one of the greatest of Farsi poets. |
| |
Death of Bahauddin Naqshband, founder of the Naqshbandi Sufi tareeqa of Bukhara. |
| 1390 |
: 792 AH |
| |
A combined French and Genoese force attacks Mahdiya, Tunisia. |
| 1391 |
: 793 AH |
| |
Bayazid I attacks Constantinople. |
| |
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|
| 1392 |
|
| 1393 |
|
| 1394 |
|
| 1395 |
|
| 1396 |
: 798 AH |
| |
Bayazid defeats the Crusader armies at the Battle of Nicopolis. |
| 1397 |
|
| 1398 |
: 800 AH |
| |
Timur sacks Isfahan, Persia. |
| 1399 |
: 801 AH |
| |
Timur invades India, sacks Delhi, India. |
| |
Castille sacks Tetuan, Morocco. |
| |
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|
| 1400 |
: 802 AH |
| |
Bayazid I lays siege to Constantinople. |
| 1401 |
: 803 AH |
| |
Timur defeats the Mamlukes of Egypt. |
| |
Damascus surrenders to the Tatars. |
| |
Timur sacks Baghdad. |
| 1402 |
: 804 AH |
| |
Timur defeats Bayazid I at the Battle of Ankara. |
| |
Sulaiman I becomes the Ottoman sultan. |
| |
Sultan Iskander Shah expels the Thais from Malaya. |
| 1403 |
|
| 1404 |
: 806 AH |
| |
Timur embarks on an expedition to China. |
| 1405 |
: 807 AH |
| |
Timurlane dies en route to China; his son Shah Rukh succeeds him. |
| 1406 |
: 809 AH |
| |
Sultan Sikander Shah of Malaysia accepts Islam. |
| |
The great Chinese Admiral Zheng Yi (commonly known as Admiral Ho), a Muslim, sails to Malaya, Indonesia, India, Persia, Yemen, East Africa and the Cape of Good Hope with a fleet of 50 great ships. |
| |
Death of ibn Khaldun, author of Muqaddamah. |
| 1407 |
|
| 1408 |
|
| 1409 |
: 812 AH |
| |
Shah Rukh, heir to Timurlane, occupies Samarqand. |
| 1410 |
: 813 AH |
| |
Kara Yusuf establishes the Kara Kuyunlu kingdom around Tabriz, Persia. |
| |
Death of Gaysu Daraz, Sufi shaykh of the Deccan, India. |
| 1411 |
: 814 AH |
| |
Sultan Iskander Shah of Malaya visits China at the invitation of the Chinese Emperor. |
| |
Prince Mehmet begins the reconsolidation of the Ottoman Empire after the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Ankara. |
| 1412 |
|
| 1413 |
|
| 1414 |
|
| 1415 |
: 818 AH |
| |
The Portuguese capture Ceuta in Morocco. |
| 1416 |
|
| 1417 |
|
| 1418 |
|
| 1419 |
|
| 1420 |
: 823 AH |
| |
Shah Rukh consolidates his hold on Persia. |
| 1421 |
: 824 AH |
| |
Murad II becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| 1422 |
: 825 AH |
| |
Murad II lays unsuccessful siege to Constantinople. |
| 1423 |
|
| 1424 |
: 827 AH |
| |
Death of Sultan Iskander Shah of Malaya. |
| 1425 |
: 828 AH |
| |
Tangier in Morocco, captured by the Portuguese. |
| 1426 |
|
| 1427 |
|
| 1428 |
|
| 1429 |
|
| 1430 |
: 833 AH |
| |
The Portuguese acquire the technology to sail against the wind from the Venetians. |
| 1431 |
|
| 1432 |
: 835 AH |
| |
Portuguese captain Diaz sails around Cape Bajador in West Africa. |
| 1433 |
|
| 1434 |
: 837 AH |
| |
Death of Shah Rukh. Persia disintegrates. The Kara Kuyunlu and Aq Kuyunlu expand their territories. |
| |
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|
| 1435 |
|
| 1436 |
|
| 1437 |
|
| 1438 |
|
| 1439 |
|
| 1440 |
|
| |
|
| 1441 |
: 845 AH |
| |
First slave raid by the Portuguese in southern Morocco directed against Muslims. |
| 1442 |
|
| 1443 |
: 847 AH |
| |
The Portuguese capture the island of Tristao off the coast of West Africa, later to gain notoriety in the Atlantic slave trade. |
| 1444 |
: 848 AH |
| |
Ottomans armies march into Hungary. |
| |
Murad II defeats combined armies of Hungary, Wallachia and Venice at the Battle of Varna. |
| |
The Portuguese Lagos Company chartered under Prince Henry. |
| 1445 |
: 849 AH |
| |
Printing is introduced into Europe. Portuguese sailor Diaz sails around West Africa. |
| 1446 |
|
| 1447 |
|
| 1448 |
|
| 1449 |
|
| 1450 |
|
| 1451 |
: 855 AH |
| |
Mehmet II becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| |
Shaykh Rahmat converts the Majapahit ruler (Indonesia) Raja Kertawijaya to Islam. |
| |
Islam spreads rapidly in Java. |
| 1452 |
|
| 1453 |
: 857 AH |
| |
Mehmet II conquerors Constantinople, renames it Istanbul and makes it the capital of the Ottoman Empire. |
| 1454 |
|
| 1455 |
: 859 AH |
| |
The Venetians sail to the delta of the Gambia River. |
| 1456 |
: 860 AH |
| |
Mehmet II captures Athens, Greece. |
| |
The Portuguese arrive at the mouth of the Gambia River. |
| 1457 |
|
| 1458 |
: 862 AH |
| |
The Portuguese occupy the fortress of al Qasr, Morocco. |
| 1459 |
|
| 1460 |
: 864 AH |
| |
King Alfonso of Portugal authorizes Fernao Gomes to explore the western coast of Africa. |
| 1461 |
: 865 AH |
| |
Leonardo da Vinci begins his work in Venice. |
| 1462 |
|
| 1463 |
: 867 AH |
| |
Mehmet II conquers Bosnia. Mosque of Sultan Mehmet II constructed in Istanbul. |
| 1464 |
|
| 1465 |
: 869 AH |
| |
Death of al Jazuli, Sufi Shaykh in Morocco. |
| 1466 |
|
| 1467 |
: 871 AH |
| |
Herzegovina conquered by Mehmet II. |
| |
Uzun Hassan, leader of Aq Quyunlu defeats Jehan Shah, leader of the Kara Quyunlu. Jehan Shah dies in battle. |
| 1468 |
|
| 1469 |
|
| 1470 |
|
| 1471 |
: 876 AH |
| |
Tangiers occupied by Portugal. |
| |
Portugal occupies Arzila on the West coast of Morocco. |
| 1472 |
|
| 1473 |
: 878 AH |
| |
Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II defeats the Aq Kuyunlu Sultan Uzun Hassan. Portuguese captain Sequira sails to Benin, Nigeria. |
| 1474 |
: 879 AH |
| |
Commercial town of Kedah, in Indonesia, becomes Muslim. |
| 1475 |
: 880 AH |
| |
War between Spain and Portugal over rights to the Canary Islands. |
| 1476 |
|
| 1477 |
|
| |
|
| 1478 |
: 883 AH |
| |
Kara Quli, a descendant of Jehan Shah, flees to India and establishes the Qutubshahi dynasty near Hyderabad. |
| |
Death of Uzun Hassan, Aq Quyunlu Sultan. |
| |
Turmoil in western Persia. |
| 1479 |
: 884 AH |
| |
Consolidation of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella. |
| 1480 |
: 885 AH |
| |
The Ottomans capture the island of Rhodes. |
| 1481 |
: 886 AH |
| |
Bayazid II becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| |
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|
| 1482 |
: 887 AH |
| |
Ferdinand of Spain attacks al Hama. |
| 1483 |
: 888 AH |
| |
Civil wars in Granada. |
| |
Ferdinand captures Malaga, Spain. |
| 1484 |
: 889 AH |
| |
The Portuguese appear at the delta of the Congo River. |
| 1485 |
|
| 1486 |
|
| 1487 |
: 892 AH |
| |
Portuguese sailor Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope. |
| 1488 |
: 893 AH |
| |
Malaga, one of the last Nasirid strongholds, falls to Castille. |
| 1489 |
: 894 AH |
| |
Adil Shah becomes Sultan of Bijapur, India |
| 1490 |
: 895 AH |
| |
Ferdinand lays siege to Granada, called Santa Fe (Holy Faith). |
| 1491 |
|
| 1492 |
: 897 AH |
| |
Columbus discovers America. |
| |
Granada falls to the Christians. |
| |
Beginning of the Spanish Inquisition. |
| |
The Jews are expelled from Spain. |
| |
Sultan Bayazid II takes Hungary. |
| |
Lodhi Sultanate established in Delhi. |
| |
Death of Abdur Rahman Jami, well known Farsi poet. |
| 1493 |
: 898 AH |
| |
Abu Abdallah, commonly known as Boabdil, last emir of Granada, leaves Spain. |
| |
Askiya Muhammed becomes Emperor of Songhay. |
| 1494 |
: 899 AH |
| |
At the Treaty of Tordesillas arranged by Pope Alexander VI, Portugal and Spain agree to divide up the world for conquest. |
| 1495 |
: 900 AH |
| |
Shaykh Putah introduces Islam into the Celebes islands and western New Guinea. |
| 1496 |
: 901 AH |
| |
Vasco da Gama, sails around the Cape of Good Hope and with the help of Muslim navigator Ahmed ibn Majid, discovers route to Malabar, India. |
| 1497 |
: 902 AH |
| |
Zahiruddin Babur loses Samarqand. |
| |
Askiya Muhammed moves the capital of Songhay to Gao on the Niger River. |
| 1498 |
|
| 1499 |
: 904 AH |
| |
Ottoman navy defeats the Venetians, takes Lepanto, off the coast of Greece. |
| 1500 |
: 905 AH |
| |
Muslims in Granada resist the Spanish Inquisition. |
| |
Spain institutes forced slavery in Cuba. |
| 1501 |
: 906 AH |
| |
Shah Ismail I, with the help of the Safaviyya Sufi order, establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia. |
| |
The Uzbek Shaibani Khan evicts Zahiruddin Babur from Samarqand. |
| 1502 |
: 907 AH |
| |
Second voyage of Vasco da Gama to the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese bombard the city-states of East Africa, destroy the port city of Cochin, India and force the Raja of Cochin to expel Muslim traders. |
| |
The Portuguese capture Shofala, East Africa. |
| |
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa. |
| |
Inquisition against the Muslims in Spain. |
| |
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|
| 1503 |
|
| 1504 |
: 910 AH |
| |
Babur takes Kabul, Afghanistan. |
| |
Death of al Maghili, influential thinker from North Africa. |
| 1505 |
: 911 AH |
| |
Spain occupies Mars al Kabir, Algeria. |
| |
The Portuguese occupy Agadir Morocco and build the fort of Santa Cruz. |
| |
Portuguese captain Almeida raids Kilwa, Tanzania. |
| 1506 |
|
| 1507 |
: 913 AH |
| |
The Portuguese occupy Safi, Morocco. |
| |
The Portuguese occupy Bab el Mandap at the entrance to the Red Sea. |
| 1508 |
: 914 AH |
| |
A Mamluke fleet defeats the Portuguese off the coast of Chaul near modern Karachi. |
| |
Spain occupies Oran, Algeria. |
| 1509 |
: 915 AH |
| |
The Mamlukes defeat the Portuguese navy off the coast of Yemen. |
| |
Shah Ismail I defeats the Uzbek Shaibani Khan at the Battle of Merv. |
| |
Spain occupies Bogie, Tunisia. |
| |
The first batch of slaves bought in Lisbon for transportation to America. |
| 1510 |
|
| 1511 |
: 917 AH |
| |
The Portuguese take Goa, India, and make it the capital of their operations in the Indian Ocean. |
| |
The Inquisition is instituted against Hindus and Muslim in India. |
| |
Spain destroys Tripoli, Libya. |
| |
The Ottomans crush a Qazilbash uprising in eastern Anatolia at the Battle of Sivas. |
| 1512 |
: 918 AH |
| |
Selim I becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| |
The Portuguese capture the Straits of Malacca. |
| |
Tlemcen in North Africa becomes a protectorate of Spain. |
| |
The Uzbeks defeat the Safavids at the Battle of Khuzduvan and take Khorasan. |
| 1513 |
|
| 1514 |
: 920 AH |
| |
Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats Shah Ismail I at the Battle of Chaldiran. |
| 1515 |
: 921 AH |
| |
The Portuguese capture the Straits of Hormuz in Persia. |
| |
The Portuguese control the entire Atlantic coastline of Morocco. |
| |
First shipload of sugar from Cuba arrives in Spain. |
| 1516 |
: 922 AH |
| |
The Portuguese occupy Bahrain and Oman. |
| |
The Ottomans capture Mosul. |
| |
Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamlukes at the Battle of Marj Dabik in Syria. |
| 1517 |
: 923 AH |
| |
Selim I occupies Cairo. |
| |
Egypt becomes a province of the Ottoman Empire. |
| |
The Caliphate moves to Istanbul. |
| |
Selim I becomes the first Ottoman Caliph of Islam. |
| |
Muhammed al Mahdi becomes Sa’adid Sultan of Morocco. |
| |
Martin Luther begins Protestant reformation in Germany. |
| |
The Portuguese capture Colombo, Sri Lanka. |
| |
The King of Spain grants license to import African slaves into America. |
| |
Ibrahim Lodhi becomes Sultan of Delhi. |
| 1518 |
|
| 1519 |
: 925 AH |
| |
Death of Leonardo da Vinci. |
| |
Mexican silver flows into Europe. |
| |
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|
| 1520 |
: 926 AH |
| |
Sulaiman the Magnificent becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| 1521 |
: 927 AH |
| |
Sulaiman captures Belgrade. |
| |
Cortez destroys the Aztec Empire of Mexico. |
| 1522 |
: 928 AH |
| |
Sulaiman captures Rhodes. Spain captures Central America. |
| 1523 |
|
| 1524 |
|
| 1525 |
: 931 AH |
| |
Death of Safavid Shah Ismail I. |
| |
Tahmasp I becomes Safavid ruler of Persia. |
| |
Babur takes Lahore, Pakistan. |
| |
Sulaiman the Magnificent orders a reorganization of the Ottoman fleet to challenge the Spaniards and the Portuguese. |
| 1526 |
: 932 AH |
| |
Babur captures Delhi; the Moghul dynasty is born. Sulaiman the Magnificent defeats the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohacs. |
| 1527 |
: 933 AH |
| |
Babur defeats Rajput armies at the Battle of Khanua. |
| 1528 |
: 934 AH |
| |
Sultan Sulaiman captures the city of Buda in Hungary. |
| |
Askiya Muhammed becomes blind and is deposed as the Emperor of Songhay. |
| 1529 |
: 935 AH |
| |
Sultan Sulaiman lays siege to Vienna, Austria. |
| 1530 |
: 936 AH |
| |
Death of Zahiruddin Babur. His son Humayun ascends the Moghul throne in Delhi. |
| |
The Englishman William Hawkins raids the Ivory Coast. |
| 1531 |
|
| 1532 |
|
| 1533 |
|
| 1534 |
: 940 AH |
| |
Khairuddin, admiral of the Ottoman fleets, recaptures Tunis. |
| |
Henry VIII takes the Church of England out of the orbit of Rome. |
| 1535 |
: 941 AH |
| |
Sulaiman Pasha, Ottoman governor of Egypt, drives the Portuguese from Yemen. |
| |
The English Parliament passes laws against loitering in London. |
| |
John Calvin preaches the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland. |
| |
Stock Exchange is established in London. |
| 1536 |
: 943 AH |
| |
Khairuddin raids Valencia, Spain. |
| 1537 |
: 944 AH |
| |
Khairuddin captures Otranto, Italy and threatens Rome. |
| 1538 |
: 945 AH |
| |
Khairuddin victorious over combined navies of Venice and the Vatican at the Battle of Prevesa. |
| 1539 |
|
| 1540 |
: 947 AH |
| |
Spain colonizes the Philippines. |
| |
Destruction of religious relics in England. Beginning of the end of feudalism in England. |
| |
Sher Shah Suri defeats Moghul Emperor Humayun and displaces him from the throne of Delhi until 1555. |
| 1541 |
: 948 AH |
| |
Charles V of Spain strikes at the Algerian coast. |
| |
Ottoman Admiral Khairuddin takes Otranto, Italy. |
| |
Muhammed al Saadi drives the Portuguese from the fort of Santa Cruz in Morocco. |
| |
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|
| 1542 |
: 949 AH |
| |
Increasing tribal warfare in West Africa. |
| 1543 |
|
| 1544 |
|
| 1545 |
|
| 1546 |
: 953 AH |
| |
Death of Khairuddin. Piri Rais becomes admiral of Ottoman navies. |
| 1547 |
|
| 1548 |
|
| 1549 |
|
| |
|
| 1550 |
: 957 AH |
| |
Kingdom of Acheh in Indonesia is founded. Islam spreads in the Archipelago. |
| 1551 |
: 958 AH |
| |
The Ottomans reclaim Tripoli. |
| |
Piri Rais challenges the Portuguese blockage of the Straits of Hormuz. |
| 1552 |
|
| 1553 |
: 960 AH |
| |
Thomas Wyndham of England raids the coast of West Africa. |
| 1554 |
: 961 AH |
| |
John Lock of England raids the Ivory Coast. |
| 1555 |
|
| 1556 |
|
| 1557 |
: 964 AH |
| |
The Ottomans occupy Masawa, Eritrea. |
| 1558 |
: 965 AH |
| |
Akbar becomes Moghul Emperor of India. |
| 1559 |
|
| 1560 |
: 967 AH |
| |
Akbar adds Malwa, Chitoor, Rathambur, Gujrat and Bengal to the Moghul Empire (1560-1574). |
| |
Abul Fazal and Faizi, well known writers, grace the Moghul court. |
| |
Akbar surrounds himself with the “seven gems”; men of outstanding capabilities, including the musician Tan Sen and the Finance Minister Raja Todar Mal. |
| 1561 |
: 968 AH |
| |
Piri Rais prepares an accurate map of the Atlantic seaboard. |
| |
The Ottomans destroy a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Djerba. |
| 1562 |
: 969 AH |
| |
Akbar marries Jodha Bai, princess of Amber, Rajasthan. |
| 1563 |
: 970 AH |
| |
First English fortifications off the coasts of New Guinea. |
| 1564 |
: 971 AH |
| |
Spain occupies the Philippines. |
| 1565 |
: 972 AH |
| |
Battle of Telekote, India. The combined forces of Bijapur, Golkunda, Bidar and Gulbarga defeat the armies of Vijayanagar in southern India. |
| |
Piri Rais undertakes unsuccessful siege of Malta. |
| |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, captures Gujrat. |
| |
John Hawkins of England conducts slave raids on Sierra Leone. |
| |
Sulaiman the Magnificent passes away |
| |
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|
| 1566 |
: 973 AH |
| |
Muslims in Spain rebel against forced conversion to Catholicism. |
| 1567 |
|
| 1568 |
|
| 1569 |
|
| 1570 |
|
| 1571 |
: 979 AH |
| |
Battle of Lepanto. Combined navies of Spain, Venice, Austria and the Vatican defeat the Ottoman navy and occupy Tunis. Ottoman naval advance into the western Mediterranean is halted. |
| 1572 |
: 980 AH |
| |
The Ottomans reclaim Tunis. |
| |
The Dutch gain their independence from Spain. |
| 1573 |
: 981 AH |
| |
The Moghul Emperor Akbar authorizes the construction of four large temples in Mathura. |
| 1574 |
|
| 1575 |
|
| 1576 |
: 984 AH |
| |
The Ottomans advance through Algeria and take the city of Fez in Morocco. |
| 1577 |
|
| 1578 |
: 986 AH |
| |
Battle of Al Qasr al Kabir. The Sa’adid Sultan Ahmed al Mansur crushes the Portuguese army. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed. Morocco remains independent. Ottoman westward advance is halted. |
| 1579 |
: 987 AH |
| |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, completes the construction of a new city, Fatehpur Sikri. He starts ecumenical discussions with all religious faiths in the Ibadat Khana. |
| 1580 |
: 988 AH |
| |
Ottoman Admiral Ali Beg raids Portuguese positions in East Africa. |
| |
Skirmishes between the Empire of Songhay and the Sa’adids of Morocco over the salt mines of Taodini. |
| |
Portugal becomes a protectorate of Spain. |
| 1581 |
: 989 AH |
| |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, moves to Lahore, and adds Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan and southern Afghanistan to his empire. |
| |
Akbar completes the construction of a Jami Masjid in Peshawar. |
| |
Queen Elizabeth I sends Harborne as ambassador to Istanbul to seek trade relations with the Ottomans. |
| 1582 |
|
| 1583 |
|
| 1584 |
|
| 1585 |
: 993 AH |
| |
War between the Safavids and the Ottomans for control of Iraq and Azerbaijan. |
| 1586 |
|
| 1587 |
: 995 AH |
| |
Pope Sixtus V authorizes a Catholic crusade against England. |
| |
The English defeat the Scots. Consolidation of Britain under the English throne. |
| 1588 |
: 996 AH |
| |
Shah Abbas becomes Safavid emperor of Persia. |
| |
The Spanish armada is destroyed off the coast of England. |
| |
Death of Sinan, architect of Sulaimaniye and Shehzade mosques in Turkey. |
| 1589 |
|
| 1590 |
: 998 AH |
| |
William Shakespeare writes in England. |
| 1591 |
: 999 AH |
| |
The Bohras emerge as a sub-branch of the Fatimids. |
| 1592 |
: 1000 AH |
| |
The Sa’adids of Morocco invade the Songhay Empire. A strong force under Judar Pasha destroys Timbaktu. |
| 1593 |
|
| 1594 |
|
| 1595 |
|
| 1596 |
: 1004 AH |
| |
Akbar captures Ahmednagar in the Deccan, India. |
| 1597 |
|
| 1598 |
: 1006 AH |
| |
A second Spanish attempt to conquer England ends in failure. |
| 1599 |
|
| 1600 |
: 1008 AH |
| |
Dutch ascendancy in the Atlantic. The Atlantic slave trade gathers momentum. |
| |
The British East India Company is granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth I. |
| 1601 |
|
| 1602 |
: 1010 AH |
| |
Shah Abbas drives the Portuguese from Bahrain. |
| |
The Dutch East India Company is formed. |
| 1603 |
: 1012 AH |
| |
Death of Queen Elizabeth I. |
| 1604 |
|
| 1605 |
: 1014 AH |
| |
Death of Moghul Emperor Akbar. |
| 1606 |
|
| 1607 |
|
| 1608 |
|
| 1609 |
: 1018 AH |
| |
Final expulsion of Muslims from Spain. |
| 1610 |
|
| 1611 |
|
| 1612 |
|
| 1613 |
|
| 1614 |
|
| 1615 |
: 1024 AH |
| |
The Dutch capture the Straits of Malacca from the Portuguese. |
| |
Thomas Roe arrives in India as British ambassador to the Moghul court. |
| |
Galileo is tried by the Church for his view that the earth is not the center of the universe. |
| 1616 |
|
| 1617 |
|
| 1618 |
|
| 1619 |
: 1028 AH |
| |
The Dutch East India Company obtains trading rights on the island of Java. |
| |
Thomas Roe obtains a farman from the Great Moghul Jehangir granting Britain trading rights in India. |
| |
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|
| 1620 |
: 1029 AH |
| |
Sufi doctrines spread to East Asia. |
| |
The Pilgrims land at Port Plymouth, Massachusetts. |
| 1621 |
|
| 1622 |
: 1031 AH |
| |
Shah Abbas I, with the help of the British navy, expels the Portuguese from the Straits of Hormuz. The British obtain trading rights in Persia. |
| 1623 |
: 1032 AH |
| |
Murad IV becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| 1624 |
: 1033 AH |
| |
Death of Shaykh Ahmed Sirhindi, referred to as Mujaddid alf e Thani (Reformer of the Second Millennium). He expounded the doctrine of Wahdat as Shahada. |
| 1625 |
|
| 1626 |
: 1035 AH |
| |
The Dutch establish themselves in New Amsterdam (New York). |
| 1627 |
: 1036 AH |
| |
Shah Jehan, Moghul Emperor of India. |
| 1628 |
|
| 1629 |
|
| 1630 |
: 1039 AH |
| |
Death of German Astronomer Johann Kepler. |
| 1631 |
|
| 1632 |
|
| 1633 |
|
| 1634 |
|
| 1635 |
: 1045 AH |
| |
Death of Mian Pir of Lahore, teacher of Dara Shikoh, son of Shah Jehan. |
| |
Emperor Shah Jehan expels the Portuguese from Bengal. |
| 1636 |
|
| 1637 |
|
| 1638 |
: 1048 AH |
| |
Shah Jehan builds a new capital at Delhi. Construction of the Jami Masjid in Delhi. |
| 1639 |
: 1049 AH |
| |
The British East India Company establishes a factory at Madras. |
| 1640 |
: 1050 AH |
| |
Armed rivalry between Britain, France and the Dutch for control of the slave trade. |
| |
Portugal gains its independence from Spain. |
| |
The Dutch capture Sri Lanka. |
| |
The British East India Company establishes a factory at Calcutta. |
| |
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|
| 1641 |
: 1051 AH |
| |
Sultana Tajul Alam Safiyyiatuddin rules as Queen of Acheh. She is the first of four queens to rule over the northern part of Sumatra. |
| |
The Dutch capture Cochin on the West coast of India. |
| 1642 |
: 1052 AH |
| |
The Dutch establish a colony at Masulipatam on the East coast of India. |
| 1643 |
: 1053 AH |
| |
War between Venice and the Ottomans for control of Crete. |
| 1644 |
|
| 1645 |
|
| 1646 |
|
| 1647 |
|
| 1648 |
: 1058 AH |
| |
Shah Jehan completes the Taj Mahal, the most celebrated monument to love, for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. |
| |
The Portuguese recapture Brazil from the Dutch. |
| 1649 |
|
| 1650 |
|
| 1651 |
|
| 1652 |
|
| 1653 |
|
| 1654 |
|
| 1655 |
: 1065 AH |
| |
The Kurpulu brothers Mehmet Pasha and Fazil Ahmed revitalize the Ottoman administration (1655-1676). |
| 1656 |
|
| 1657 |
|
| 1658 |
: 1068 AH |
| |
Aurangzeb becomes the Moghul Emperor. |
| 1659 |
: 1069 AH |
| |
End of the Sa’adid dynasty in Morocco. |
| 1660 |
: 1070 AH |
| |
Isaac Newton revolutionizes physics. |
| 1661 |
|
| 1662 |
|
| 1663 |
|
| 1664 |
: 1074 AH |
| |
The British seize New Amsterdam, rename it New York. |
| |
The Battle of St. Gotthard between the Ottomans and the European “Holy League” ends in a stalemate. |
| 1665 |
|
| 1666 |
: 1076 AH |
| |
The Qur’an is translated into the Malay language. |
| 1667 |
|
| 1668 |
: 1079 AH |
| |
King Charles II of England sells Bombay to the East India Company. |
| 1669 |
|
| 1670 |
|
| 1671 |
|
| 1672 |
|
| 1673 |
|
| 1674 |
|
| 1675 |
|
| 1676 |
: 1087 AH |
| |
Kara Mustafa Pasha becomes grand vizier in Istanbul. |
| 1677 |
: 1088 AH |
| |
War between Russia and the Ottomans over access to the Black Sea. |
| 1678 |
|
| 1679 |
|
| 1680 |
|
| 1681 |
|
| 1682 |
|
| 1683 |
: 1094 AH |
| |
The second siege of Vienna ends in failure. The Ottomans lose Hungary. |
| 1684 |
|
| 1685 |
|
| 1686 |
: 1097 AH |
| |
The Hapsburgs advance through Hungary towards Belgrade. |
| |
The British make an attempt to capture the port of Chittagong in India and are beaten back by Moghul forces. |
| 1687 |
: 1098 AH |
| |
The Ottomans are defeated at the second Battle of Mohacs. |
| 1688 |
|
| 1689 |
|
| 1690 |
|
| 1691 |
|
| 1692 |
|
| 1693 |
|
| 1694 |
: 1105 AH |
| |
The Bank of England advances a perpetual loan of 1.2 million pounds to the British Crown in return for the privilege of putting its own notes into circulation. |
| 1695 |
|
| 1696 |
: 1107 AH |
| |
Peter of Russia captures the strategic fortress of Azov from the Ottomans. |
| |
The Sultan of Oman recaptures Fort Jesus of Mombasa from the Portuguese. |
| 1697 |
|
| 1698 |
|
| 1699 |
|
| 1700 |
|
| 1701 |
|
| 1702 |
|
| 1703 |
|
| 1704 |
|
| 1705 |
|
| 1706 |
|
| 1707 |
: 1119 AH |
| |
Death of Aurangzeb. The Moghul Empire begins to disintegrate. |
| |
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|
| 1708 |
: 1120 AH |
| |
The assassination of Guru Gobind Singh sets off Sikh revolts against Moghul rule in India. |
| 1709 |
|
| 1710 |
|
| 1711 |
|
| 1712 |
|
| 1713 |
: 1125 AH |
| |
The British displace the Dutch as the most powerful force in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. |
| 1714 |
|
| 1715 |
|
| 1716 |
|
| 1717 |
|
| 1718 |
|
| 1719 |
|
| 1720 |
|
| 1721 |
|
| 1722 |
: 1134 AH |
| |
Tahmasp II, last Safavid ruler of Persia ascends the Persian throne. |
| |
Nizam ul Mulk is appointed the Subedar of Hyderabad. |
| 1723 |
|
| 1724 |
|
| 1725 |
|
| 1726 |
|
| 1727 |
|
| 1728 |
|
| 1729 |
|
| 1730 |
|
| 1731 |
|
| 1732 |
|
| 1733 |
|
| 1734 |
|
| 1735 |
|
| 1736 |
: 1149 AH |
| |
Nadir Shah becomes Emperor of Persia, displaces the Safavid Tahmasp II. |
| 1737 |
|
| 1738 |
|
| |
|
| 1739 |
: 1152 AH |
| |
Nadir Shah of Persia invades India, sacks Delhi, and carries off the Peacock Throne. |
| 1740 |
: 1153 AH |
| |
Shaykh ibn Abdul Wahhab starts his movement in Najd, Arabia. |
| 1741 |
: 1154 AH |
| |
Ahmed ibn Said becomes Sultan of Oman and Zanzibar and attempts to build a strong navy. |
| 1742 |
|
| 1743 |
|
| 1744 |
|
| 1745 |
|
| 1746 |
: 1159 AH |
| |
Muhammed ibn Saud establishes the Saudi dynasty near Riyadh. |
| 1747 |
|
| 1748 |
|
| 1749 |
|
| 1750 |
|
| 1751 |
|
| 1752 |
|
| 1753 |
|
| 1754 |
: 1167 AH |
| |
The French General Dupleix leaves India. France loses the contest for control of Indian trade to the British. |
| 1755 |
|
| 1756 |
: 1169 AH |
| |
Anglo-French wars in India and America (1756-63). The British are victorious over the French. |
| 1757 |
: 1170 AH |
| |
The Battle of Plassey. The British gain control of Bengal, India. |
| 1758 |
: 1171 AH |
| |
The Industrial Revolution in England gains momentum, fueled by the loot from Bengal. |
| |
The Marathas occupy Lahore; oust Timur, son of Nadir Shah of Kabul. |
| 1759 |
|
| 1760 |
|
| 1761 |
: 1174 AH |
| |
Third Battle of Panipat near Delhi. The Afghans under Ahmed Shah Abdali defeat Maratha armies. |
| 1762 |
: 1175 AH |
| |
Death of Shah Waliullah of Delhi, leading reformer. |
| 1763 |
: 1176 AH |
| |
The Treaty of Paris. The French give up their interests in India and America. |
| |
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|
| 1764 |
: 1177 AH |
| |
The British starve the Begums of Oudh, India, to surrender their jewels. |
| |
Battle of Buxor. The British defeat the combined armies of Oudh, Bengal and Delhi. |
| 1765 |
: 1178 AH |
| |
The British wage a brutal campaign against the Afghans of Rohilla in India. |
| 1766 |
|
| 1767 |
: 1181 AH |
| |
The First Mysore War (1767-68). Tippu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali force the British to sue for peace. |
| 1768 |
|
| 1769 |
|
| 1770 |
|
| 1771 |
|
| 1772 |
: 1186 AH |
| |
The British Parliament abolishes the slave trade. |
| 1773 |
|
| 1774 |
|
| 1775 |
|
| 1776 |
: 1190 AH |
| |
The Colonies declare independence in America. The American War of Independence (1776-83) follows. |
| 1777 |
|
| 1778 |
|
| 1779 |
|
| 1780 |
: 1194 AH |
| |
The Second Mysore War. Tippu Sultan defeats the British at the Battle of Pollipur. |
| 1781 |
: 1195 AH |
| |
George Washington defeats General Cornwallis at the Battle of Saratoga. Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown, retires to England, is hired by the East India Company, and is sent to battle Tippu Sultan of Mysore. |
| 1782 |
|
| 1783 |
|
| 1784 |
|
| 1785 |
|
| 1786 |
|
| |
|
| 1787 |
: 1201 AH |
| |
Death of Shaykh ibn Abdul Wahhab of Arabia. |
| 1788 |
|
| 1789 |
: 1203 AH |
| |
The Third Mysore War (1789-91). Cornwallis forces Tippu Sultan to cede half of his Territory; takes Tippu’s children as hostage. |
| |
Beginning of the French Revolution. |
| 1790 |
|
| 1791 |
|
| 1792 |
|
| 1793 |
: 1207 AH |
| |
The British Permanent Settlement Act imposes feudal landlords upon Bengal. |
| 1794 |
|
| 1795 |
|
| 1796 |
|
| 1797 |
|
| 1798 |
: 1213 AH |
| |
Napoleon lands in Egypt and is victorious at the Battle of the Pyramids. |
| |
The British capture Colombo from the Dutch. |
| 1799 |
: 1214 AH |
| |
Napoleon corresponds with Tippu Sultan of Mysore and the Sultan of Oman about an invasion of India. |
| |
Tippu Sultan falls at the Battle of Srirangapatam. |
| |
Napoleon is defeated by Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar and is forced to withdraw from Egypt. |
| 1800 |
|
| 1801 |
: 1216 AH |
| |
The Wahhabis raid Karbala. Wahhabi movement spreads to Iraq. The Wahhabis raid the Hejaz. |
| 1802 |
|
| 1803 |
: 1218 AH |
| |
Muhammed Ali becomes the Ottoman governor of Egypt; starts a long series of reforms. |
| |
The Marathas in Poona, India, sue for peace with the British. |
| |
Denmark abolishes the slave trade. |
| |
Emir Abdul Aziz of Najd captures Mecca. |
| 1804 |
|
| 1805 |
: 1220 AH |
| |
Muhammed Ali becomes the Pasha of Egypt. |
| 1806 |
: 1221 AH |
| |
British armies enter Delhi. |
| |
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|
| 1807 |
: 1222 AH |
| |
Uthman dan Fuduye establishes the Sokoto Caliphate. |
| |
Muhammed Ali Pasha beats back a British attempt to seize Alexandria, Egypt. |
| 1808 |
: 1223 AH |
| |
The United States abolishes the slave trade. |
| 1809 |
|
| 1810 |
|
| 1811 |
|
| |
|
| 1812 |
: 1227 AH |
| |
Muhammed Ali of Egypt recaptures Mecca and Hejaz from the Wahhabis (1812-15). |
| 1813 |
|
| 1814 |
|
| 1815 |
|
| 1816 |
|
| 1817 |
: 1232 AH |
| |
Death of Uthman dan Fuduye, mujahid in West Africa. |
| |
Muhammed Bello becomes Caliph of the Sokoto Empire. |
| 1818 |
: 1233 AH |
| |
Holland abolishes the slave trade. |
| 1819 |
|
| 1820 |
|
| 1821 |
: 1236 AH |
| |
Greek war against the Ottomans. |
| 1822 |
|
| 1823 |
|
| 1824 |
|
| 1825 |
|
| 1826 |
|
| 1827 |
: 1242 AH |
| |
Naval Battle of Navarino pits European axis against the Ottomans. |
| |
Shaykh Ahmed Lobo establishes the kingdom of Lobo in West Africa. |
| 1828 |
: 1243 AH |
| |
War between Russia and the Ottomans over control of the Black Sea. Russia advances into Anatolia. |
| 1829 |
|
| 1830 |
: 1246 AH |
| |
Greece breaks off from the Ottoman Empire. |
| |
France occupies Algiers. |
| 1831 |
|
| 1832 |
|
| 1833 |
|
| 1834 |
: 1250 AH |
| |
Beginning of Muslim resistance to the Russians in Daghestan, Crimea and the Caucasus. |
| 1835 |
: 1251 AH |
| |
The Ottomans defeat the French at Malta. |
| |
The British replace Persian with English in the higher courts in India. |
| 1836 |
|
| 1837 |
: 1253 AH |
| |
Sanusiya Sufi brotherhood is founded in North Africa. |
| 1838 |
: 1254 AH |
| |
British invasion of Afghanistan ends in failure. |
| 1839 |
: 1255 AH |
| |
Abdul Mecit I becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| |
Beginning of Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire. |
| 1840 |
: 1256 AH |
| |
France starts colonization of Algeria. |
| 1841 |
|
| 1842 |
|
| 1843 |
|
| 1844 |
|
| 1845 |
|
| 1846 |
: 1262 AH |
| |
The Bank Act of 1846 in England confers legal recognition on the negotiability of credit documents. |
| 1847 |
|
| 1848 |
: 1264 AH |
| |
Nasiruddin Shah ascends the throne of Persia. |
| 1849 |
|
| 1850 |
: 1266 AH |
| |
The Bahai schism starts in Persia. |
| 1851 |
: 1267 AH |
| |
The British build a railroad linking Alexandria with Suez (1851-54). |
| 1852 |
|
| 1853 |
: 1269 AH |
| |
The Tijaniya Sufi brotherhood is established in West Africa. |
| |
Beginning of the Crimean War. Britain and France support the Ottomans against Russia. |
| |
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|
| 1854 |
: 1270 AH |
| |
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt grants a concession to French Engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps to build the Suez Canal. Egypt borrows funds from international bankers to complete the canal. |
| |
The Ottomans take their first loan from international bankers. |
| 1855 |
|
| 1856 |
: 1272 AH |
| |
End of the Crimean war between Russia and the Ottomans. |
| 1857 |
: 1273 AH |
| |
The Sepoy Uprising in India. After initial successes, the Uprising is crushed by the British. End of Moghul rule. The British exile the last Moghul Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to Rangoon, Burma. |
| 1858 |
: 1274 AH |
| |
The Russians capture Imam Shamil, Naqshbandi Imam in Daghestan. End of Muslim resistance in Chechnya and Daghestan. |
| 1859 |
: 1275 AH |
| |
Death of Muhammed al Sanusi, Reformer, Sufi Shaykh of Libya. |
| 1860 |
: 1276 AH |
| |
Alhajj Omar resists French colonization in Sene-Gambia. |
| 1861 |
: 1277 AH |
| |
American Civil War (1861-65). The price of Egyptian cotton soars in world markets. |
| 1862 |
|
| 1863 |
: 1280 AH |
| |
Abraham Lincoln proclaims the abolition of slavery. |
| 1864 |
|
| 1865 |
|
| 1866 |
|
| 1867 |
|
| 1868 |
|
| 1869 |
: 1286 AH |
| |
The Suez Canal opens with much fanfare. |
| |
The price of Egyptian cotton drops precipitously. Egyptian public debt mounts. |
| |
Tunisia falters on debt payments to European bankers. The International Debt Commission for Tunisia assumes control over Tunisian finances. |
| 1870 |
|
| 1871 |
: 1288 AH |
| |
A unified Germany emerges as the most powerful continental power in Europe. |
| 1872 |
|
| 1873 |
: 1290 AH |
| |
The Dutch capture the Kingdom of Acheh in Sumatra. Beginning of Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. |
| 1874 |
: 1291 AH |
| |
Syed Ahmed Khan founds the Aligarh College in India. |
| 1875 |
: 1292 AH |
| |
Egypt sells off its share in the Suez Canal Company to the British to partially offset its debts. |
| 1876 |
: 1293 AH |
| |
Abdul Hamid II becomes the Ottoman Sultan and Caliph. He starts consolidation of ties with Muslim peoples worldwide. |
| |
Egypt falters on debt payments. Britain and France appoint a Commission on Egyptian Public Debt with the power to confiscate revenues. |
| |
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|
| 1877 |
: 1294 AH |
| |
Russia invades the Ottoman Empire (1877-78). Russian troops advance to within ten miles of Istanbul and dictate capitulation terms to the Turks at the Treaty of San Stefano. |
| 1878 |
: 1295 AH |
| |
Egypt is forced by Britain and France to accept international control over her finances. |
| |
Treaty of Berlin results in effective dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. |
| |
Britain occupies Cyprus. |
| 1879 |
: 1296 AH |
| |
Britain and France force Khedive Ismail Pasha of Egypt to abdicate in favor of his son Tawfiq Pasha. Sultan Abdul Hamid acquiesces in the abdication. |
| 1880 |
: 1297 AH |
| |
The French, in violation of the Treaty of Berlin, occupy Tunisia and declare it a “protectorate”. |
| 1881 |
: 1298 AH |
| |
Egyptian nationalists under Ahmed Torabi Pasha stage protests against foreign control. |
| 1882 |
: 1299 AH |
| |
The British bombard Alexandria into submission, defeat the Egyptians at the Battle of Tel el Kabir and occupy Cairo. |
| |
The Mahdi seizes Khartoum and establishes a Caliphate in the Sudan. |
| 1883 |
|
| 1884 |
|
| |
|
| 1885 |
: 1302 AH |
| |
The British storm Khartoum. Death of al Mahdi of the Sudan. |
| |
An Englishman, Allan Hume, founds the Indian National Congress. |
| 1886 |
|
| 1887 |
|
| 1888 |
: 1305 AH |
| |
Ghulam Mirza Ahmed starts the Ahmadiya schism in Punjab, India. The movement draws strong opposition from the ulema. |
| 1889 |
|
| 1890 |
|
| 1891 |
: 1308 AH |
| |
The Tobacco Concession touches off an uproar in Persia. Peaceful boycott of tobacco, under a fatwa from Hajji Mirza Hassan Shirazi, forces the Shah to rescind the Concession. |
| 1892 |
|
| 1893 |
|
| 1894 |
|
| 1895 |
|
| 1896 |
: 1314 AH |
| |
Nasiruddin Shah of Persia is assassinated. |
| 1897 |
|
| 1898 |
|
| 1899 |
|
| 1900 |
|
| 1901 |
: 1319 AH |
| |
Abdul Aziz ibn Saud captures Riyadh. |
| 1902 |
|
| 1903 |
|
| 1904 |
|
| 1905 |
|
| 1906 |
: 1324 AH |
| |
All India Muslim League is founded. |
| 1907 |
: 1325 AH |
| |
Death of Muzaffaruddin Shah of Persia. His son Muhammed Ali Mirza becomes the Shah. The first Majlis is elected in Persia. |
| |
The Young Turks Movement in Turkey gathers momentum. |
| 1908 |
: 1326 AH |
| |
Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina. |
| |
Constitutional revolution in Persia. Muhammed Ali Shah of Persia is deposed. His young son Ahmed Mirza becomes the Shah. |
| 1909 |
: 1327 AH |
| |
Sultan Abdul Hamid II is deposed by the Young Turks. |
| |
Mehmet V becomes the Sultan. |
| 1910 |
|
| 1911 |
: 1329 AH |
| |
The Sanusi brotherhood resists the Italian invasion of Libya. |
| 1912 |
: 1330 AH |
| |
Muhammadiya movement is organized in Indonesia. |
| |
Egypt becomes a British protectorate. |
| 1913 |
: 1331 AH |
| |
The Balkan war begins. Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria invade Ottoman territories. Albania becomes independent. The Ottomans are forced to withdraw from most of the Balkans. |
| 1914 |
: 1332 AH |
| |
A Serb in Sarajevo murders Prince Francis Ferdinand of Austria. Austria declares war on Serbia. |
| |
Russia declares war on Austria. |
| |
Germany declares war on Russia. |
| |
France and England declare war on Germany. |
| |
The Triple Entente powers (Britain, France and Russia) declare war on the Ottomans. |
| |
Beginning of World War I. |
| |
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|
| 1915 |
: 1333 AH |
| |
The Ottomans contain British advances in Iraq and beat back attempts to capture Baghdad and Istanbul. |
| 1916 |
: 1334 AH |
| |
The British promise to set up a unified Arab state. |
| |
Sharif Hussain declares himself king of Hejaz, attacks Ottoman garrisons in Arabia. |
| |
Lawrence of Arabia, a British intelligence officer, works with the Arabs. |
| |
The Sykes-Picot agreement divides up the Ottoman territories between England, France, Russia, Greece and Italy. |
| 1917 |
: 1335 AH |
| |
Anglo Indian troops under Allenby capture Baghdad and Jerusalem. |
| |
The Balfour Declaration promises to set up a Jewish homeland in Palestine. |
| |
The French take Beirut. |
| |
Germany releases the Bolshevik leader Lenin to pressure Russia to drop out of the War. |
| |
The United States enters the War. |
| |
The Russian army begins to collapse on the western front. The October Revolution brings the Bolsheviks to power. Russia pulls out of the War. |
| 1918 |
: 1336 AH |
| |
Mehmet VI becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| |
Damascus falls to British Forces. |
| |
Germany and the Ottoman Empire capitulate. End of World War I. |
| |
The Wafd movement starts in Egypt. |
| 1919 |
: 1337 AH |
| |
The victorious allies partition the Ottoman Empire. |
| |
Greece invades Anatolia. |
| 1920 |
: 1338 AH |
| |
French mandate over Syria. |
| |
British mandate over Iraq and Palestine. |
| |
The Greeks capture Alashehir, Bahkesir, Bandarma and Bursa. |
| |
The Turks stop the Greeks at the Battle of Ankara. |
| 1921 |
: 1339 AH |
| |
The British appoint Abdullah, son of Sharif Hussain, as emir of Trans Jordan. |
| |
Faisal, another son of Hussain, is appointed emir of Iraq. |
| |
The Turks are victorious over the Greeks at the Battle of the Sakarya River. Greece retreats from Anatolia. |
| 1922 |
: 1340 AH |
| |
Abdul Mecit II becomes Ottoman Sultan. |
| |
Mustafa Kemal becomes President of the Republic of Turkey. |
| 1923 |
|
| 1924 |
: 1342 AH |
| |
The Turkish National Assembly abolishes the Caliphate |
| |
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|
| 1925 |
|
| 1926 |
|
| 1927 |
: 1345 AH |
| |
Tablighi Jamaat reform movement founded in India |
| 1928 |
: 1346 AH |
| |
Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Muslim Brothers) founded in Egypt |
| 1929 |
|
| 1930 |
|
| 1931 |
|
| 1932 |
|
| 1933 |
|
| 1934 |
|
| 1935 |
|
| 1936 |
|
| 1937 |
|
| 1938 |
|
| 1939 |
|
| 1940 |
|
| 1941 |
: 1360 AH |
| |
Jamaat-i Islami reform movement founded in Lahore, India |
| 1942 |
|
| 1943 |
|
| 1944 |
|
| |
|
| 1945 |
: 1364 AH |
| |
Indonesia becomes independent republic |
| 1946 |
|
| 1947 |
: 1366 AH |
| |
Pakistan founded as an Islamic nation. Islam becomes a minority religion in India |
| 1948 |
|
| 1949 |
|
| 1950 |
|
| 1951 |
|
| 1952 |
|
| 1953 |
|
| 1954 |
|
| 1955 |
|
| 1956 |
|
| 1957 |
: 1376 AH |
| |
Independent Malayan state established with Islam as the official religion but guaranteed tolerance |
| 1958 |
|
| 1959 |
|
| 1960 |
: 1379 AH |
| |
Familes from SE Asia and North Africa emigrate to Europe and the Americas |
| 1961 |
|
| 1962 |
|
| 1963 |
|
| 1964 |
|
| 1965 |
|
| 1966 |
|
| 1967 |
|
| 1968 |
|
| 1969 |
|
| 1970 |
|
| 1971 |
|
| 1972 |
|
| 1973 |
|
| 1974 |
|
| 1975 |
|
| 1976 |
|
| 1977 |
|
| 1978 |
|
| 1979 |
: 1399 AH |
| |
Shah of Iran is overthrown by Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni, who establishes strict fundamentalist rule of Shi'a principles |
| 1980 |
|
| 1981 |
|
| 1982 |
|
| 1983 |
|
| 1984 |
|
| 1985 |
|
| 1986 |
|
| 1987 |
|
| 1988 |
|
| 1989 |
|
| 1990 |
: 1410 AH |
| |
Taliban come to power in Afghanistan |
| 1991 |
|
| 1992 |
|
| 1993 |
|
| 1994 |
|
| 1995 |
|
| 1996 |
|
| 1997 |
|
| 1998 |
|
| 1999 |
|
| 2000 |
|
| 2001 |
: 1422 AH |
| |
Muslim extremists attack the United States |
| 2002 |
|
| 2003 |
: 1424 AH |
| |
Saddam Hussien ousted by Western forces |
| |
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|
| 2004 |
|
| 2005 |
|
| 2006 |
|
| 2007 |
|
| 2008 |
|
| 2009 |
|
| 2010 |
|
| 2011 |
|
| 2012 |
|
| 2013 |
|
| 2014 |
|
| 2015 |
|
| 2016 |
|
| 2017 |
|
| 2018 |
|
| 2019 |
|
| 2020 |
|
V: 131-132 
User Guide 
