Muslim Palau saat melaksanakan shalat di sebuah masjid.
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93 - Ad-Dhuha, 94 - Asy-Syarh ISLAM : Misunderstood more _______________________________________________ V : 95-96 User Guide Muslim Palau saat melaksanakan shalat di sebuah masjid. Muslim Palau saat melaksanakan shalat di sebuah masjid. REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, JAKARTA -- Pernah mendengar Republik Palau?Ya, Republik Palau adalah sebuah negara kepulauan yang berlokasi tak jauh dari Indonesia. Posisinya, timur Filipina atau sebelah utara Papua Nugini. Jaraknya hanya 255 kilometer dari Maluku Utara dan 500 kilometer dari Sulawesi Utara. Negara dengan luas hanya 458 kilometer persegi ini memiliki delapan pulau utama dan lebih dari 200 pulau kecil. Sebelumnya, Palau merupakan bagian dari Negara Federasi Mikronesia. Meski kemerdekaan negara ini telah diajukan ke PBB pada 1978, negeri ini baru resmi merdeka pada 1994. Palau, yang juga kerap disebut Belau atau Pelew, pun masuk dalam jajaran negara republik termuda dan terkecil di dunia. Meski jumlahnya masih sedikit, Muslim Palau giat menyuarakan syiar Islam. Negara eksotik ini menjadi rumah nyaman bagi 500 Muslim yang hampir semuanya adalah orang-orang Bengali, yakni kelompok etnik dari Bangladesh dan India. Mereka bermigrasi ke Palau untuk mencari pekerjaan. Mereka mendarat di wilayah terpencil yang damai itu sejak belasan tahun lalu. Sedangkan penghuni asli Palau adalah orang-orang beretnik Mikronesia. Lebih dari setengah populasi negara tersebut menganut agama Katolik Roma. Lantunan azan menggema dari sebuah masjid sederhana di Kota Koror, Palau. Ukurannya tak luas apalagi berarsitektur indah, mungkin hanya bisa disebut ruang ibadah atau mushala ketimbang sebuah masjid. Meski demikian, bangunan ini merupakan satu-satunya tempat ibadah umat Islam di kota terbesar di Palau tersebut, dan satu dari dua masjid di negara Pasifik tersebut. Begitu azan berkumandang, kaum Muslimin pun berbondong-bondong menyusuri jalan sempit melalui hutan, mendatangi sumber suara. Bersarung dan berkopiah, mereka ingin beribadah di masjid yang beratapkan seng dengan menara pohon kelapa tersebut. Di tempat sederhana namun mulia inilah, mereka biasa berkumpul dan mengkaji ajaran Islam di tengah masyarakat non-Muslim yang mendominasi negeri ini. Bakal Jadi Negara Islam? Jumlah Muslim di Palau saat ini memang masih sangat sedikit, hanya 500 jiwa dari total populasi 21 ribu. Negara kepulauan tersebut sangat kental dengan paham Katolik bahkan sejak proses berdirinya negara. Namun, beberapa warga setempat yang menganut agama tradisional, Modekngei, memprediksi, suatu saat negara mereka akan menjadi negara Muslim. Para penganut Modekngei yakin, pada 2050 populasi Palau akan berjumlah 50 ribu dengan umat Islam sebagai kelompok mayoritas. Kaum Muslimin dari Melayu akan membawa pengaruh besar pada perkembangan Islam di sana. Pada saatnya nanti, para wanita Palau pun akan meninggalkan hula dan mengenakan jilbab. Prediksi para penganut Modekngei tersebut memang tak dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Meski demikian, tak tertutup kemungkinan Islam akan terus berkembang mengingat Muslim Palau saat ini sangat giat menggelar kegiatan keagamaan dan melakukan syiar agama. Kekuatan Muslim di sana kian bertambah dengan bergabungnya Muslim Uighur. Prediksi mengenai masa depan Islam di Palau boleh cukup menggembirakan. Yang pasti, saat ini kondisi umat Islam di sana masih dalam keterbatasan. Masjid misalnya, baru ada dua buah dan kondisi jauh dari layak. Belum ada pula ulama yang mumpuni dan sarana pendidikan Islam yang memadai. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh posisi Palau yang terpencil, jauh dari perhatian dunia. Namun, harapan selalu ada bagi umat Islam di Palau untuk lebih maju dan berkembang. ________ REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, Meski merupakan pendatang dan kaum minoritas, Muslimin di Palau sangat gencar melancarkan syiar Islam. Kelompok agama lain yang juga eksis di antaranya Kristen Protestan, Mormon, serta agama lokal Modekngei yang menggabungkan animisme tradisional dan praktik Kristen. Sebanyak 1.800 penduduk menganut kepercayaan tradisional Modekngei tersebut. Meski merupakan pendatang dan kaum minoritas, Muslimin di Palau sangat gencar melancarkan syiar Islam. Apalagi, pemerintah setempat memberikan kebebasan beragama bagi rakyatnya. Karena itu, meski hanya memiliki dua masjid, para Muslimin Palau tetap giat melaksanakan kegiatan keislaman, baik secara harian, mingguan, maupun tahunan. "Kami memiliki program mingguan dengan mengundang beberapa orang untuk berceramah. Sedangkan setiap bulan di Jumat ketiga, siapa saja yang memiliki waktu luang, biasa tinggal di masjid mulai dari Jumat bakda Maghrib sampai Senin,” ujar Moqbul Husain, salah seorang pengurus masjid. “Ini disebut Nazam. Namun, karena tempatnya kecil, kami tak bisa menggelar banyak kegiatan," imbuhnya. Beberapa dari mereka kemudian membentuk komunitas Muslim Bangladesh. Mereka kerap menggelar perayaan hari-hari besar Islam, seperti Lebaran dan Ramadhan. Di hari-hari besar itu, terkadang mereka mengundang tokoh Muslim dari negara tetangga, seperti Filipina, Indonesia, hingga Pakistan dan India. Mereka sangat senang jika ada tokoh Muslim mancanegara yang hadir di sana. Presiden Asosiasi Muslim Palau, Mohi Uddin, mengatakan warga Muslim berdarah Bangladesh di Palau sering berkumpul melakukan kegiatan sosial, seperti membersihkan lingkungan. "Kami ingin melakukan darmabakti bagi Palau dan rakyat Palau.'' _____________ Kehidupan Muslim di Palau agak terusik ketika Pemerintah AS di bawah Presiden Barack Obama memindahkan tujuh Muslim Uighur asal Xinjiang, Cina, ke Palau pada 2009. Mereka merupakan tahanan yang dibebaskan dari penjara militer AS di Teluk Guantanamo, Kuba. Tujuh Muslim Uighur tersebut ditangkap pada 2001 di Afghanistan dan Pakistan. Mereka dituduh terlibat dalam serangan 11 September serta terlibat pemberontakan untuk kemerdekaan Turkmenistan Timur. Pihak AS berkilah, Muslim Uighur tersebut tak dipulangkan ke Cina karena dikhawatirkan akan dieksekusi oleh masyarakat setempat. Meski mendapat penolakan dari warga setempat, Presiden Palau, Johnson Toribiong, memutuskan untuk menyetujui permintaan AS. Ia menjamin para mantan tahanan tersebut akan disambut dengan keramahan tradisional. Namun kabarnya, Muslim Uighur itu sulit beradaptasi dengan Palau, yang minim masyarakat Muslim. ''Palau akan sulit bagi mereka karena tak banyak umat Islam di negara yang didominasi Kristen. Mereka pasti kesulitan,'' ujar pakar Uighurs dari Institut Pasific Basin, California. Lain lagi pendapat Pemerintah Palau. Menurut mereka, para mantan tahanan Guantanamo yang beragama Islam itu tinggal di sebuah rumah besar di Koror dan mereka sangat bahagia. "Mereka tersenyum, mengucapkan terima kasih dan menyebut saya sebagai saudara mereka. Ini menakjubkan. Saya merasa baik akan hal itu," ujar Presiden Toribiong. Rumah yang ditempati Muslim Uighur itu berjarak sangat dekat dengan masjid Koror. Hanya butuh waktu lima menit berjalan kaki untuk menuju masjid tersebut. Awalnya, Muslim Palau merasa khawatir atas kedatangan mereka. Tapi kini, para penghuni baru tersebut telah dapat berbaur dan bersosialisasi dengan saudara seiman mereka. _______________ ____________________________________________
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Tafsir Muyassar تفسير المیسر Saheeh International Basmeih Ma Jian E......ARABIC : ENGLISH : MALAY : CHINESE Tafsir Muyassar تفسير المیسر : Saheeh International : Basmeih : Ma Jian _____________________________________________ Tafsir Muyassar : تفسير المیسر ١٥ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى ١٥ لا يدخلها إلا مَن كان شديد الشقاء، الذي كذَّب نبي الله محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأعرض عن الإيمان بالله ورسوله، وطاعتهما. ١٦ الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ ١٦ لا يدخلها إلا مَن كان شديد الشقاء، الذي كذَّب نبي الله محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأعرض عن الإيمان بالله ورسوله، وطاعتهما. ١٧ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى ١٧ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. ١٨ الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ ١٨ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. ١٩ وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ ١٩ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. ٢٠ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ ٢٠ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. ٢١ وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ ٢١ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. ----------------------------------------- Ad-Dhuha بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ١ وَالضُّحَىٰ ١ أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك. ٢ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ ٢ أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك. ٣ مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ ٣ أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك. ٤ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ ٤ ولَلدَّار الآخرة خير لك من دار الدنيا، ولسوف يعطيك ربك -أيها النبي- مِن أنواع الإنعام في الآخرة، فترضى بذلك. ٥ وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ ٥ ولَلدَّار الآخرة خير لك من دار الدنيا، ولسوف يعطيك ربك -أيها النبي- مِن أنواع الإنعام في الآخرة، فترضى بذلك. ٦ أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ ٦ ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟ ٧ وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ ٧ ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟ ٨ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ ٨ ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟ ٩ فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ ٩ فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها. ١٠ وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ ١٠ فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها. ١١ وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ ١١ فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها. ----------------------------------------- Asy-syarh بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ١ أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ ١ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ ٢ وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ ٢ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ ٣ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ ٣ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ ٤ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ ٤ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ ٥ فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ٥ فلا يثنك أذى أعدائك عن نشر الرسالة؛ فإن مع الضيق فرجًا، إن مع الضيق فرجًا. ٦ إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ٦ فلا يثنك أذى أعدائك عن نشر الرسالة؛ فإن مع الضيق فرجًا، إن مع الضيق فرجًا. ٧ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانْصَبْ ٧ فإذا فرغت من أمور الدنيا وأشغالها فَجِدَّ في العبادة، وإلى ربك وحده فارغب فيما عنده. ٨ وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَبْ ٨ فإذا فرغت من أمور الدنيا وأشغالها فَجِدَّ في العبادة، وإلى ربك وحده فارغب فيما عنده.
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____________________________________________ Saheeh International ١٥ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى 15 None will [enter to] burn therein except the most wretched one. ١٦ الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ 16 Who had denied and turned away. ١٧ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى 17 But the righteous one will avoid it - ١٨ الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ 18 [He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself ١٩ وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ 19 And not [giving] for anyone who has [done him] a favor to be rewarded ٢٠ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ 20 But only seeking the countenance of his Lord, Most High. ٢١ وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ 21 And he is going to be satisfied. ----------------------------------------- Ad-Dhuha بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. ١ وَالضُّحَىٰ 1 By the morning brightness ٢ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ 2 And [by] the night when it covers with darkness, ٣ مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ 3 Your Lord has not taken leave of you, [O Muhammad], nor has He detested [you]. ٤ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ 4 And the Hereafter is better for you than the first [life]. ٥ وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ 5 And your Lord is going to give you, and you will be satisfied. ٦ أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ 6 Did He not find you an orphan and give [you] refuge? ٧ وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ 7 And He found you lost and guided [you], ٨ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ 8 And He found you poor and made [you] self-sufficient. ٩ فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ 9 So as for the orphan, do not oppress [him]. ١٠ وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ 10 And as for the petitioner, do not repel [him]. ١١ وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ 11 But as for the favor of your Lord, report [it]. ----------------------------------------- As-syarh بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. ١ أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ 1 Did We not expand for you, [O Muhammad], your breast? ٢ وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ 2 And We removed from you your burden ٣ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ 3 Which had weighed upon your back ٤ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ 4 And raised high for you your repute. ٥ فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا 5 For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. ٦ إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا 6 Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. ٧ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانْصَبْ 7 So when you have finished [your duties], then stand up [for worship]. ٨ وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَبْ 8 And to your Lord direct [your] longing. ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________ Basmeih ١٥ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى 15 Yang tidak akan menderita bakarannya melainkan orang yang sungguh celaka, - ١٦ الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ 16 Yang telah mendustakan (kebenaran) dan berpaling ingkar. ١٧ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى 17 Dan (sebaliknya) akan dijauhkan (azab neraka) itu daripada orang yang sungguh bertaqwa, - ١٨ الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ 18 Yang mendermakan hartanya dengan tujuan membersihkan dirinya dan hartabendanya, ١٩ وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ 19 Sedang ia tidak menanggung budi sesiapapun, yang patut di balas, ٢٠ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ 20 Hanyalah mengharapkan keredaan Tuhannya Yang Maha Tinggi; ٢١ وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ 21 Dan demi sesungguhnya, ia tetap akan berpuas hati (pada hari akhirat, dengan mendapat segala yang diharapkannya). ----------------------------------------- Ad-Dhuha بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. ١ وَالضُّحَىٰ 1 Demi waktu dhuha, ٢ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ 2 Dan malam apabila ia sunyi-sepi - ٣ مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ 3 (Bahawa) Tuhanmu (wahai Muhammad) tidak meninggalkanmu, dan Ia tidak benci (kepadamu, sebagaimana yang dituduh oleh kaum musyrik). ٤ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ 4 Dan sesungguhnya kesudahan keaadaanmu adalah lebih baik bagimu daripada permulaannya. ٥ وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ 5 Dan sesungguhnya Tuhanmu akan memberikanmu (kejayaan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat) sehingga engkau reda - berpuas hati. ٦ أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ 6 Bukankah dia mendapati engkau yatim piatu, lalu la memberikan perlindungan? ٧ وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ 7 Dan didapatiNya engkau mencari-cari (jalan yang benar), lalu Ia memberikan hidayah petunjuk (dengan wahyu - Al-Quran)? ٨ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ 8 Dan didapatiNya engkau miskin, lalu Ia memberikan kekayaan? ٩ فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ 9 Oleh itu, adapun anak yatim maka janganlah engkau berlaku kasar terhadapnya, ١٠ وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ 10 Adapun orang yang meminta (bantuan pimpinan) maka janganlah engkau tengking herdik; ١١ وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ 11 Adapun nikmat Tuhanmu, maka hendaklah engkau sebut-sebutkan (dan zahirkan) sebagai bersyukur kepadaNya. ----------------------------------------- As-syarh بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. ١ أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ 1 Bukankah Kami telah melapangkan bagimu: dadamu (wahai Muhammad serta mengisinya dengan iman dan hidayah petunjuk) ? ٢ وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ 2 Dan Kami telah meringankan daripadamu: bebanmu (menyiarkan Islam) - ٣ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ 3 Yang memberati tanggunganmu, (dengan memberikan berbagai kemudahan dalam melaksanakannya)? ٤ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ 4 Dan Kami telah meninggikan bagimu: sebutan namamu (dengan mengurniakan pangkat Nabi dan berbagai kemuliaan)? ٥ فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا 5 Oleh itu, maka (tetapkanlah kepercayaanmu) bahawa sesungguhnya tiap-tiap kesukaran disertai kemudahan, ٦ إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا 6 (Sekali lagi ditegaskan): bahawa sesungguhnya tiap-tiap kesukaran disertai kemudahan. ٧ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانْصَبْ 7 Kemudian apabila engkau telah selesai (daripada sesuatu amal soleh), maka bersungguh-sungguhlah engkau berusaha (mengerjakan amal soleh yang lain), ٨ وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَبْ 8 Dan kepada Tuhanmu sahaja hendaklah engkau memohon (apa yang engkau gemar dan ingini). _________________________________________________
____________________________________________ Ma Jian ١٥ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى 15 唯薄命者坠入其中, ١٦ الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ 16 他否认真理,而背弃之。 ١٧ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى 17 敬畏者,得免於火刑。 ١٨ الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ 18 他虔诚地施舍他的财产, ١٩ وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ 19 他没有受过任何人的应报的恩德, ٢٠ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ 20 但他施舍只是为了求他的至尊主的喜悦, ٢١ وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ 21 他自己将来必定喜悦。 ----------------------------------------- Ad-Dhuha بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ وَالضُّحَىٰ 1 誓以上午, ٢ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ 2 誓以黑夜,当其寂静的时候, ٣ مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ 3 你的主没有弃绝你,也没有怨恨你; ٤ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ 4 後世於你,确比今世更好; ٥ وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ 5 你的主将来必赏赐你,以至你喜悦。 ٦ أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ 6 难道他没有发现你伶仃孤苦,而使你有所归宿? ٧ وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ 7 他曾发现你徘徊歧途,而把你引入正路; ٨ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ 8 发现你家境寒苦,而使你衣食丰足。 ٩ فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ 9 至於孤儿,你不要压迫他; ١٠ وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ 10 至於乞丐,你不要喝斥他, ١١ وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ 11 至於你的主所赐你的恩典呢,你应当宣示它。 ----------------------------------------- Asy-syarh بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ 1 难道我没有为你而开拓你的胸襟吗? ٢ وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ 2 我卸下了你的重任 ٣ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ 3 即使你的背担负过重的, ٤ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ 4 而提高了你的声望, ٥ فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا 5 与艰难相伴的,确是容易, ٦ إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا 6 与艰难相伴的,确是容易, ٧ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانْصَبْ 7 当你的事务完毕时, ٨ وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَبْ 8 你应当勤劳,你应当向你的主恳求。 _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________ E......ARABIC : ENGLISH : MALAY : CHINESE Tafsir Muyassar تفسير المیسر : Saheeh International : Basmeih : Ma Jian ١٥ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى ١٥ لا يدخلها إلا مَن كان شديد الشقاء، الذي كذَّب نبي الله محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأعرض عن الإيمان بالله ورسوله، وطاعتهما. 15 None will [enter to] burn therein except the most wretched one. 15 Yang tidak akan menderita bakarannya melainkan orang yang sungguh celaka, - 15 唯薄命者坠入其中, ١٦ الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ ١٦ لا يدخلها إلا مَن كان شديد الشقاء، الذي كذَّب نبي الله محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأعرض عن الإيمان بالله ورسوله، وطاعتهما. 16 Who had denied and turned away. 16 Yang telah mendustakan (kebenaran) dan berpaling ingkar. 16 他否认真理,而背弃之。 ١٧ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى ١٧ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. 17 But the righteous one will avoid it - 17 Dan (sebaliknya) akan dijauhkan (azab neraka) itu daripada orang yang sungguh bertaqwa, - 17 敬畏者,得免於火刑。 ١٨ الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ ١٨ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. 18 [He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself 18 Yang mendermakan hartanya dengan tujuan membersihkan dirinya dan hartabendanya, 18 他虔诚地施舍他的财产, ١٩ وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ ١٩ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. 19 And not [giving] for anyone who has [done him] a favor to be rewarded 19 Sedang ia tidak menanggung budi sesiapapun, yang patut di balas, 19 他没有受过任何人的应报的恩德, ٢٠ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ ٢٠ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. 20 But only seeking the countenance of his Lord, Most High. 20 Hanyalah mengharapkan keredaan Tuhannya Yang Maha Tinggi; 20 但他施舍只是为了求他的至尊主的喜悦, ٢١ وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ ٢١ وسيُزحزَح عنها شديد التقوى، الذي يبذل ماله ابتغاء المزيد من الخير. وليس إنفاقه ذاك مكافأة لمن أسدى إليه معروفا، لكنه يبتغي بذلك وجه ربه الأعلى ورضاه، ولسوف يعطيه الله في الجنة ما يرضى به. 21 And he is going to be satisfied. 21 Dan demi sesungguhnya, ia tetap akan berpuas hati (pada hari akhirat, dengan mendapat segala yang diharapkannya). 21 他自己将来必定喜悦。 ----------------------------------------- Ad-Dhuha بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ وَالضُّحَىٰ ١ أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك. 1 By the morning brightness 1 Demi waktu dhuha, 1 誓以上午, ٢ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ ٢ أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك. 2 And [by] the night when it covers with darkness, 2 Dan malam apabila ia sunyi-sepi - 2 誓以黑夜,当其寂静的时候, ٣ مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ ٣ أقسم الله بوقت الضحى، والمراد به النهار كله، وبالليل إذا سكن بالخلق واشتد ظلامه. ويقسم الله بما يشاء من مخلوقاته، أما المخلوق فلا يجوز له أن يقسم بغير خالقه، فإن القسم بغير الله شرك. ما تركك -أيها النبي- ربك، وما أبغضك بإبطاء الوحي عنك. 3 Your Lord has not taken leave of you, [O Muhammad], nor has He detested [you]. 3 (Bahawa) Tuhanmu (wahai Muhammad) tidak meninggalkanmu, dan Ia tidak benci (kepadamu, sebagaimana yang dituduh oleh kaum musyrik). 3 你的主没有弃绝你,也没有怨恨你; ٤ وَلَلْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَىٰ ٤ ولَلدَّار الآخرة خير لك من دار الدنيا، ولسوف يعطيك ربك -أيها النبي- مِن أنواع الإنعام في الآخرة، فترضى بذلك. 4 And the Hereafter is better for you than the first [life]. 4 Dan sesungguhnya kesudahan keaadaanmu adalah lebih baik bagimu daripada permulaannya. 4 後世於你,确比今世更好; ٥ وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰ ٥ ولَلدَّار الآخرة خير لك من دار الدنيا، ولسوف يعطيك ربك -أيها النبي- مِن أنواع الإنعام في الآخرة، فترضى بذلك. 5 And your Lord is going to give you, and you will be satisfied. 5 Dan sesungguhnya Tuhanmu akan memberikanmu (kejayaan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat) sehingga engkau reda - berpuas hati. 5 你的主将来必赏赐你,以至你喜悦。 ٦ أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ ٦ ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟ 6 Did He not find you an orphan and give [you] refuge? 6 Bukankah dia mendapati engkau yatim piatu, lalu la memberikan perlindungan? 6 难道他没有发现你伶仃孤苦,而使你有所归宿? ٧ وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ ٧ ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟ 7 And He found you lost and guided [you], 7 Dan didapatiNya engkau mencari-cari (jalan yang benar), lalu Ia memberikan hidayah petunjuk (dengan wahyu - Al-Quran)? 7 他曾发现你徘徊歧途,而把你引入正路; ٨ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ ٨ ألم يَجِدْك من قبلُ يتيمًا، فآواك ورعاك؟ ووجدك لا تدري ما الكتاب ولا الإيمان، فعلَّمك ما لم تكن تعلم، ووفقك لأحسن الأعمال؟ ووجدك فقيرًا، فساق لك رزقك، وأغنى نفسك بالقناعة والصبر؟ 8 And He found you poor and made [you] self-sufficient. 8 Dan didapatiNya engkau miskin, lalu Ia memberikan kekayaan? 8 发现你家境寒苦,而使你衣食丰足。 ٩ فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ ٩ فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها. 9 So as for the orphan, do not oppress [him]. 9 Oleh itu, adapun anak yatim maka janganlah engkau berlaku kasar terhadapnya, 9 至於孤儿,你不要压迫他; ١٠ وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ ١٠ فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها. 10 And as for the petitioner, do not repel [him]. 10 Adapun orang yang meminta (bantuan pimpinan) maka janganlah engkau tengking herdik; 10 至於乞丐,你不要喝斥他, ١١ وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ ١١ فأما اليتيم فلا تُسِئْ معاملته، وأما السائل فلا تزجره، بل أطعمه، واقض حاجته، وأما بنعمة ربك التي أسبغها عليك فتحدث بها. 11 But as for the favor of your Lord, report [it]. 11 Adapun nikmat Tuhanmu, maka hendaklah engkau sebut-sebutkan (dan zahirkan) sebagai bersyukur kepadaNya. 11 至於你的主所赐你的恩典呢,你应当宣示它。 ----------------------------------------- Asy-syarh بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ ١ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ 1 Did We not expand for you, [O Muhammad], your breast? 1 Bukankah Kami telah melapangkan bagimu: dadamu (wahai Muhammad serta mengisinya dengan iman dan hidayah petunjuk) ? 1 难道我没有为你而开拓你的胸襟吗? ٢ وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْكَ وِزْرَكَ ٢ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ 2 And We removed from you your burden 2 Dan Kami telah meringankan daripadamu: bebanmu (menyiarkan Islam) - 2 我卸下了你的重任 ٣ الَّذِي أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ ٣ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ 3 Which had weighed upon your back 3 Yang memberati tanggunganmu, (dengan memberikan berbagai kemudahan dalam melaksanakannya)? 3 即使你的背担负过重的, ٤ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ ٤ ألم نوسع -أيها النبي- لك صدرك لشرائع الدين، والدعوة إلى الله، والاتصاف بمكارم الأخلاق، وحططنا عنك بذلك حِمْلك الذي أثقل ظهرك، وجعلناك -بما أنعمنا عليك من المكارم- في منزلة رفيعة عالية؟ 4 And raised high for you your repute. 4 Dan Kami telah meninggikan bagimu: sebutan namamu (dengan mengurniakan pangkat Nabi dan berbagai kemuliaan)? 4 而提高了你的声望, ٥ فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ٥ فلا يثنك أذى أعدائك عن نشر الرسالة؛ فإن مع الضيق فرجًا، إن مع الضيق فرجًا. 5 For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. 5 Oleh itu, maka (tetapkanlah kepercayaanmu) bahawa sesungguhnya tiap-tiap kesukaran disertai kemudahan, 5 与艰难相伴的,确是容易, ٦ إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ٦ فلا يثنك أذى أعدائك عن نشر الرسالة؛ فإن مع الضيق فرجًا، إن مع الضيق فرجًا. 6 Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. 6 (Sekali lagi ditegaskan): bahawa sesungguhnya tiap-tiap kesukaran disertai kemudahan. 6 与艰难相伴的,确是容易, ٧ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانْصَبْ ٧ فإذا فرغت من أمور الدنيا وأشغالها فَجِدَّ في العبادة، وإلى ربك وحده فارغب فيما عنده. 7 So when you have finished [your duties], then stand up [for worship]. 7 Kemudian apabila engkau telah selesai (daripada sesuatu amal soleh), maka bersungguh-sungguhlah engkau berusaha (mengerjakan amal soleh yang lain), 7 当你的事务完毕时, ٨ وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَبْ ٨ فإذا فرغت من أمور الدنيا وأشغالها فَجِدَّ في العبادة، وإلى ربك وحده فارغب فيما عنده. 8 And to your Lord direct [your] longing. 8 Dan kepada Tuhanmu sahaja hendaklah engkau memohon (apa yang engkau gemar dan ingini). 8 你应当勤劳,你应当向你的主恳求。
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HAFALAN & ULANGAN ...... KAEDAH QAWAN - ada 10 Level Semua Al Qur'an di dunia dicetak pada 604 muka surat. Maka Kaedah Qawan membahagikan Al Qur'an kepada 6 bahagian. Kaedah memilih pasangan ..... 1.Pasangan muka surat di antara 2 juzuk. 2.Ayat ayatnya tidak panjang. 3. Sesuai dibaca dalam solat pada rakaat pertama dan kedua. 4. Sesuai dijadikan bahan untuk tazkirah selepas solat. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ LEVEL 1 6 Bahagian Melintang ( Horizontal - H ) Hanya pasangan muka surat di antara 2 juzuk. Hari Sabtu : ms 1- 100 Hari Ahad : ms 101 - 200 Hari Ithnin : ms 201 - 300 Hari Selasa : ms 301 - 400 Hari Rabu : ms 401 - 500 Hari Khamis : ms 501 - 604 Hari Jumaat : Ulangkaji semua sekadar mampu _______________________________________________ 6 Bahagian Menegak ( Vertical - V ) Hanya pasangan muka surat (ms) seluruh Al Qur'an, di antara 2 juzuk yang berhujung dengan nombor tertentu H.Sabtu : ms hujung 01-02 H.Ahad : ms hujung 21-22 H.Ithnin : ms hujung 41-42 H.Selasa : ms hujung 61-62 H.Rabu : ms hujung 81-82 H.Khamis : ms hujung 99-00 Hari Jumaat : Ulangkaji semua sekadar mampu ________________________________________________ LEVEL 2 ..... akan datang _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 1. Quran & Hadith 2. Seerah 3. Tabligh 6 points 4. Renowned local preachers 5. Renowned foreign preachers ______________________________________________ 1. QURAN & HADITH --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sabt 1 - 99 1 : Al Fatihah : 6 اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ HR Bukhari وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ الأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَا دَامَ وَإِنْ قَلَّ ---------------------------------------- 7 : Al Baqarah 2 : 43 وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ HR Muslim صَلاَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلاَةِ الْفَذِّ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ دَرَجَةً ---------------------------------------- 19 : Al Baqarah 2 : 121 الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلَاوَتِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۗ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ HR Bukhari خيركم من تعلم القرآن وعلمه 22 : Al Baqarah 2 : 143 وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا ۗ HR Ibn Mājah : Sahih (Al-Albani) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْقَصْدِ " . ثَلاَثًا : " فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا -------------------------------------------- 52 : Ali Imran 3 : 19 إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ ۗ 61 : Ali Imran 3 : 85 وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ HR Bukhari مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ HR Ad-Daraqutni اَلْإِسْلَامِ يَعْلُو, وَلَا يُعْلَى -------------------------------------- 62 : Ali Imran 3 : 92 لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ ۚ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ HR Bukhari & Muslim : muttafaq ‘alaih اَلْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى 63 : Ali Imran 3 : 104 وَلْتَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أُمَّةٌ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ HR Muslim مَنْ دَلَّ عَلَى خَيْرٍ, فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ فَاعِلِهِ ----------------------------------------- 64 : Ali Imran 3 : 110 كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ ۗ .... HR Muslim مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ ------------------------------------------- 74 : Ali Imran 3 : 185 كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ ۗ Sunan Ibn Majah.....Grade Hasan (Darussalam) -------------------------------------------- 87 : An Nisaa' 4 : 59 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ ۖ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا HR Imam Malik dalam Al Muwatta HR Abu Daud & Termidhi...Hadith Hasan Sahih --------------------------------------------- 91 : An-Nisaa' 4 : 82 أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا --------------------------------------------- Ahad : 100 - 199 107 : ِِAl Maidah 5 : 3 الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا
_____________________________ 134 : Al An'am 6 : 54 ۖ .وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ HR Termizi....Hadith Hasan Sahih -------------------------------------------- Ithnain 200 - 299 ---------------------- Thulatha : 300 - 399 342 : Al Mu'minun 23 : 1-2 1.قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ 2. الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ HR Imam Malik وَأَسْوَأُ السَّرِقَةِ الَّذِي يَسْرِقُ صَلاَتَهُ " . قَالُوا وَكَيْفَ يَسْرِقُ صَلاَتَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ " لاَ يُتِمُّ رُكُوعَهَا وَلاَ سُجُودَهَا ----------------------------------------------- Arbi'a : 400 - 499 401 : Al Ankabut 29 : 45 .... إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ ۗ ... HR Termizi ..hadith hasan إن أول ما يحاسب به العبد يوم القيامة من عمله صلاته، ----------------------------------------- 404 : Al Ankabut 29 : 69 وَالَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا فِينَا لَنَهْدِيَنَّهُمْ سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَعَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ 420 : Al Ahzab 33 : 21 لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا ------------------------------------ Khamis : 500 - 604 507 : Muhammad 47 : 7 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللَّهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ ---------------------------------------------- 518 : Al Hujurat 49 : 13 يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ HR Muslim إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَأَعْمَالِكُمْ ------------------------------------------- 560 : At Tahrim 66 : 6 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ عَلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةٌ غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ لَا يَعْصُونَ اللَّهَ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ __________________________________________________ 574 : Al Muzzammil : 73 : 1-7 ١ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ . ٢ قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا . ٣ نِصْفَهُ أَوِ انْقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا . ٤ أَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا ٥ إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا . ٦ إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ هِيَ أَشَدُّ وَطْئًا وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلًا ٧ إِنَّ لَكَ فِي النَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا 575 : Al Muddatstsir : 74 : 1-7 ١ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ . ٢ قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ . ٣ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ And magnify your Lord. ٤ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ 4 And purify your clothes. ٥ وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ 5 And abandon abominations. ٦ وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ 6 And show no favor seeking gain. ٧ وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ 7 And be constant for your Lord. 2. HADITH 2 : HR Tirmidhi مفتاح الجنة الصلاة ومفتاح الصلاة الوضوء 19 : HR Bukhari HR Muslim
(HR Bukhari & Muslim : muttafaq ‘alaih) اَلْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى HR Bukhari بلغوا عنى ولو اية Xxx __________________________________________________ 3. SEERAH Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf: that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Abu Bakr is in Paradise, 'Umar is in Paradise, 'Uthman is in Paradise, 'Ali is in Paradise, Talhah is in Paradise, Az-Zubair is in Paradise, 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf is in Paradise, Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas is in Paradise, Sa'eed is in Paradise, and Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah is in Paradise." حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُمَرُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُثْمَانُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَلِيٌّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَطَلْحَةُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَعْدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَعِيدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ " .
____________________________________________ Narrated Sa'id ibn Zayd: AbdurRahman ibn al-Akhnas said that when he was in the mosque, a man mentioned Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). So Sa'id ibn Zayd got up and said: I bear witness to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that I heard him say: Ten persons will go to Paradise: The Prophet (ﷺ) will go to Paradise, AbuBakr will go to Paradise, Umar will go to Paradise, Uthman will go to Paradise, Ali will go to Paradise, Talhah will go to Paradise: az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam will go to paradise, Sa'd ibn Malik will go to Paradise, and AbdurRahman ibn Awf will go to Paradise. If I wish, I can mention the tenth. The People asked: Who is he: So he kept silence. The again asked: Who is he: He replied: He is Sa'id ibn Zayd. حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ النَّمَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ الصَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الأَخْنَسِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَذَكَرَ رَجُلٌ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فَقَامَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ " عَشْرَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ النَّبِيُّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُمَرُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُثْمَانُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَلِيٌّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَطَلْحَةُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ " . وَلَوْ شِئْتَ لَسَمَّيْتُ الْعَاشِرَ . قَالَ فَقَالُوا مَنْ هُوَ فَسَكَتَ قَالَ فَقَالُوا مَنْ هُوَ فَقَالَ هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ . Grade : Sahih
___________________________________________ Sejarah kejayaan di awal Islam semasa zaman Nabi dan Khalifah Ar Rasyidin : Kelengkapan meterial...... yang kurang Ketakwaan....... yang tinggi Sepuluh Sahabat Nabi yang dijamin syurga..... yang majoriti kaya, tapi dermawan .... terutama Abdurrahman bin Auf RA ..... Yang FATONAH mencari peluang untuk jadi tangan yang di atas __________________________________ 4. SIX POINTS OF TABLIGH ( 6 points of Sahabah ) (1) Iman .... Firm belief in .. Laa ilaaha illallah, Muhammadur Rasulullah (2) Solah .... Pray with full concentration and humbleness (3) Ilm & Zikr .... Seek knowledge ( fadhail and masail knowledge) & always zikr or remember Allah, to avoid doing haram action (4) Ikraam .....Respect and give service to our parents, fellows Muslim and people in general. (5) Ikhlas ..... Have sincerity in all of our action, or in other word, do things only to please Allah, and not for showing off. (6) Khuruj fi sabilillah ..... Spend time, money to go out in the path of Allah to train oneself to be a good Muslim and at the same, to spread Islam. _________________________________ 5. RENOWNED LOCAL PREACHERS 1. Ustaz Azhar Idrus __________________________________ 6. RENOWNED FOREIGN PREACHERS 1. Dr Zakir Naik __________________________________ |
٥٩٦ not tidak|shall enter it save memasukinya|but kecuali|the most wretched orang yang celaka|15|one who yang|denies dia mendustakan|and turns away dan berpaling|16|and will be far removed from it dan akan dijauhkan darinya the pious Orang yang bertakwa|17|one who yang|spends dia memberikan|his wealth hartanya|to purifies himself menyucikan|18|and not dan tidak|to one kepada seorang pun|with him disisinya|of kerana a favour nikmat|to be paid back dibalasnya|19|but kecuali|to seek mencari|the countenance keridhoan|of His Lord tuhan penciptanya|the Most High yang maha tinggi|20|and surely He dan pasti kelak|will be pleased dia akan puas|21 باسم With the name Dengan nama 奉名字 fèng míng zi | الله (of) Allah Allah (punya) 安拉 (的) ān lā (de) | ذي الأكثر سخاء بجميع الخلق the Most Generous for all creations Yang Maha Pemurah untuk semua kejadian 最慷慨对所有创作 zuì kāng kǎi duì suǒ yǒu chuàng zuò | ذي الرحمة بالمؤمنين the Most Merciful for the believers Yang Maha Mengasihani untuk yang percaya 最仁慈对信徒 zuì rén cí duì xìn tú by the forenoon Demi waktu dhuha|1|and by the night dan demi malam|when apabila|dark has come ia telah gelap|2|shall not tidak|you leave meninggalkanmu|your Lord tuhan kamu|and neither dan tidak|He hate dia benci|3 and indeed the hereafter Dan sungguh akhirat|is better lebih baik|for you bagi kamu|than daripada|world dunia|4|and verily later dan sungguh kelak|will give to you akan memberikan kepadamu|your Lord tuhan kamu then shall you be pleased Maka kamu menjadi puas|5|did not bukankah|He find you Dia mendapatimu|orphan anak yatim|then gave you refuge lalu melindungi|6|and He found you dan dia mendapati kamu|confused bingung 9|and therefore dan adapun|the beggars peminta-minta|shall not you maka jangan|repulse kamu herdik|10|and therefore dan adapun|toward the grace terhadap nikmat|your God tuhan kamu|then proclaim it maka kabarkanlah|11 باسم With the name Dengan nama 奉名字 fèng míng zi | الله (of) Allah Allah (punya) 安拉 (的) ān lā (de) | ذي الأكثر سخاء بجميع الخلق the Most Generous for all creations Yang Maha Pemurah untuk semua kejadian 最慷慨对所有创作 zuì kāng kǎi duì suǒ yǒu chuàng zuò | ذي الرحمة بالمؤمنين the Most Merciful for the believers Yang Maha Mengasihani untuk yang percaya 最仁慈对信徒 zuì rén cí duì xìn tú 596 |
٥٩٥ باسم With the name Dengan nama 奉名字 fèng míng zi | الله (of) Allah Allah (punya) 安拉 (的) ān lā (de) | ذي الأكثر سخاء بجميع الخلق the Most Generous for all creations Yang Maha Pemurah untuk semua kejadian 最慷慨对所有创作 zuì kāng kǎi duì suǒ yǒu chuàng zuò | ذي الرحمة بالمؤمنين the Most Merciful for the believers Yang Maha Mengasihani untuk yang percaya 最仁慈对信徒 zuì rén cí duì xìn tú | (1) by the sun demi matahari|and it's morning light dan sinaran paginya|1|by the moon demi bulan|when apabila|it follows her (sun) ia menyusulinya (matahari) |2|by the day demi siang hari|when apabila|it shows up itself ia menampakkan dirinya |3 by the night demi malam|when apabila|it covers it(day) ia menutupinya (siang) |4|by the heaven demi langit|and what(Allah) who dan apa(Allah) yang|built it (heaven) membangunkannya (langit) |5|by the earth demi bumi|and what(Allah) who dan apa(Allah) yang|spreaded it (earth) menghamparkannya (bumi) 6|by soul demi jiwa|and what(Allah) who dan apa(Allah) yang|perfected it (soul) Dia menyempurnakannya (jiwa) |7|so He inspired it(soul) maka Dia mengilhamkan padanya (jiwa)|evilness to it (soul) kejahatannya (jiwa) |and the fear (to Allah) to it (his soul) dan ketakutan (pada Allah) padanya (jiwanya) |8|indeed sesungguhnya he succeeded telah berjaya|who siapa yang|who purifies it (his own soul) menyucikannya (jiwanya sendiri) |9|and indeed dan sesungguhnya|he failed telah gagal|who siapa yang|contaminated it (his soul) mengotorinya (jiwanya) | |denied telah mendustakan|the thamud kaum Tsamud through their transgression dengan sewenang-wenangnya|11|when ketika|went forth bangkit|the most wicked man among them dorang yang paling celaka|12|so said lalu berkata|to them kepada mereka|Messenger of Rasul|Allah Allah camel unta betina|Allah Allah|and bar it from drink dan minumnya|13|then they denied him lalu mereka mendustakanya|then killed it lalu mereka menyembelihnya|so He destroyed maka membinasakan باسم With the name Dengan nama 奉名字 fèng míng zi | الله (of) Allah Allah (punya) 安拉 (的) ān lā (de) | ذي الأكثر سخاء بجميع الخلق the Most Generous for all creations Yang Maha Pemurah untuk semua kejadian 最慷慨对所有创作 zuì kāng kǎi duì suǒ yǒu chuàng zuò | ذي الرحمة بالمؤمنين the Most Merciful for the believers Yang Maha Mengasihani untuk yang percaya 最仁慈对信徒 zuì rén cí duì xìn tú | (1) by the night Demi malam|when apabila|it covers ia menutupi|1|by the day demi siang|when apabila|it appears in brightness ia nampak terang|2|and He demi Zat yang|who created Dia menciptakan|male laki-laki|and female dan perempuan|3 verily sungguh|your effort and deeds usaha kalian|are truly diverse benar bermacam-macam|4|so as for maka adapun|who orang yang|gives dia memberikan|and fears Him dan dia bertakwa|5|and believes dan dia membenarkan|in the best terhadap kebaikan|6 595 |
595
91 - Asy-Syams, 92 - Al-Layli DAILY MOTIVATION more ______________________________________________ V : 495-496 User Guide Tinian Mosque WITH more than 400 members, the Saipan Muslim Community now has two mosques on a predominantly Catholic island. A mosque and a mini-mart in the Tun Joaquin Doi area in As Lito opened in Feb. 2000. The other mosque is in Garapan and it was built in 1997. Their construction was made possible through the efforts of the Muslim faithful on Saipan. “We generated funds through the donations of our members,” said Habebula Badal, the group’s secretary. In 1997, when the Saipan Muslim Community was first organized, the group rented a building for their Friday prayers in Chalan Piao. The island’s Muslims eventually leased a piece of land in As Lito where they constructed their mosque and store. They also cultivated a farm and the proceeds from its produce were used for their other projects. Badal said they planned to establish a two-story building for nine Muslim families. The group, comprising of Muslims from Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines, is headed by Zahidul Islam. They have also established mosques on Rota and Tinian. Five times a day, Muslims say their prayers at their homes or at the mosque. Every Friday, they gather at the mosque for their noon prayer. Like other Muslims, they fast during Ramadan and celebrate Eid ul Fitr, which marks the end of the holy month. What they need, Badal said, is a new imam, or spiritual leader, who could advice and counsel them in spiritual matters. They used to have three imams, but one of them already left the island. Imran Hossian is the imam at the As Lito mosque, while Hafas Kamal Hossain is the imam at the Garapan mosque. The imam is the one who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. Usually, the community turns to the imam if they have an Islamic question. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Masjid Al-Noor in Mangilao, US Territory of Guam What about Muslims? It's clear that Muslims are a real minority in Micronesia, in the above-mentioned description, we seem to understand the non-existence of Muslims in this state, however that's far to be right, because according to the 1994 census, the Islands had 105,506 inhabitants out of which 26 or 0.02% were Muslims. In addition, the number of Muslims has later on increased and reached about 420 or 0.08%/span. Moreover, from a new-released approximation, the related Muslim population will reach 0.3% by 2020. That's to say more and more Da'awah is much needed in Micronesia to make people therein discover Islam and understand the peacefulness of Islam and to which extent Islam helps human make a better life environment with peace, mercy and blessing from Allah – the All-Merciful – and guarantee a huge reward in this life and the Hereafter. What about mosque ? 1. Republic of Kiribati. No known Mosque. Pop : 103,500 . Very few Muslims 2. Republic of Marshall Islands .Only Ahmadi Mosque. Pop : 53,000. 3. Republic of Nauru .? No mosque. Pop : 11,200 4. Federated States of Micronesia . ? No mosque Pop : 105,000 5. US Territories a. Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands . ? Tinian Mosque Pop :55,000 Muslim Pop. 1000 b. US Territory of Guam .the Masjid Al-Noor in Mangilao. 6. Republic of Palau .Pop : 18,000. About 500 Bengali Muslims, and a few Uyghurs detained in Guantanamo Bay were allowed to settle in Palau. There are 2 mosque. One is located in Koror. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Friday prayer of muslim community in Milan’s velodrome in 2008 after the local mosque was closed. PRAYER TIMES
Italy, home to the fourth largest Muslim population in Europe, has a mosque problem. Not because, as many a xenophobic politicians would claim, there are too many of them (link in Italian)—but for the opposite reason. There are a total of eight mosques, intended as standalone structures, with an area solely dedicated to prayer, as well as recognizable architectural elements like a cupola dome or a minaret (the tower from which the muezzin calls to preyer). By comparison, France, which has a Muslim population three to four times bigger than Italy’s, has 2,200 mosques, while the UK, with a Muslim population about twice the size of Italy’s, has 1,500. Aside from these mosques, according to Maria Bombardieri, a social science researcher at the University of Padua and the author of Mosques of Italy, there are about 800 cultural centers and musalla, which are informal preyer rooms, often housed in garages, basements, and warehouses. They function as a place of worship, and a cultural and educational meeting place. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ FRANCESCO MALAVOLTA FOR QUARTZ FRANCESCO MALAVOLTA FOR QUARTZ The scarcity of actual mosques is caused by several factors. First, Islam isn’t officially recognized by Italy as a religion (like the Roman Catholic Church pdf). State recognition affords protection to places of worship, access to opening schools, observance of religious holidays, and access to public funding through tax donations. Even if there was an easier way to get public financing for mosques, permission to open mosques are hard to get from authorities, and construction is often opposed by local communities. When there is an opportunity to build one, Bombardieri said, Muslim communities tend to avoid distinctive architectural elements such as minarets and cupolas, so as not to generate tension with local communities. FRANCESCO MALAVOLTA FOR QUARTZ Italy, Bombardieri explains, is in a unique position compared to other European countries: it’s pluralistic. Its Islamic community comprises of relatively recent immigrants from many nations, none of which in overwhelming majority. This makes it harder for a group—national, or transnational, like the Muslim Brothers—to become hegemonic and exercise extremist influence. However, putting the Muslim community in a position to depend on foreign funding to build mosques (Saudi Arabia financed Rome’s mosque, and Qatar is a big funder of Muslim institutions in the country) puts it at a higher risk of external influence, increasing the chances of isolation, which is a risk factor for radicalization (pdf). Traditionally, the overwhelming majority of Italians have been Catholic. Aside from 4 million people who identify as non-religious, non-Christians in Italy are only about 1%. However, in the past two decades, migrants have been chipping away the Italian cultural monolith. According to data from the ministry of internal affairs, Italy had no immigration to speak of until the late 1980s. In 1981, before Italy introduced a structured immigration program (the country had an “open border” policy until then), only 321,000 immigrants or about 0.5% of the population were registered in Italy. Ten years later, the number was up t0 625,000—or 1.1% of the population. Since then, things sped up rather dramatically: as of Jan. 2016, there are more than 5 million foreigners living in Italy, or about 8.4%. One in three migrants to Italy is Muslim, which accounts for nearly 2.6% the population—a value destined to become more than double by 2030. FRANCESCO MALAVOLTA FOR QUARTZ Boulaalam Abderrahmane Mustafà, the imam of Palermo’s mosque, which serves a community of about 8,500 residents and an estimated 8,000 temporary members, said his community is made up of people originally from 34 countries. Palermo’s mosque, which opened in 1989, is Italy’s oldest and Mustafà has served as imam there since 2009. During his tenure, he’s worked to open cultural and educational activities for Muslims as well as for the larger community: he has local schools visit the mosque, so he can teach them about Islam. In Sicily, which was ruled by the Arabs between 827 and 1072, Islam is profoundly linked with Italy’s heritage. “There are still Islamic roots in family names,” Mustafà said, saying that he increasingly sees Italians “proud and happy to have such roots.” Things can get uncomfortable though, he said, particularly in the aftermath of terror attacks in Europe. People don’t go to the mosque, or wear visible sign of their religious associations, such as the hijab, to avoid being ostracized by the general community. According to a 2015 survey by the Pew Research Center, 61% Italians hold negative views of Muslims in their country. “There is still a lot of ignorance,” Mustafà said, though he is adamant that the only way forward is through integration, and he’s determined to fight isolation and self-isolation through culture. There is a cultural center under construction set to open later this year that he wants to be a place for all religions. “Islam is a way to live with others,” he says, “not to divide.” ”We are Italians,” he continues, “we can never forget the hospitality. We have to get closer to others.” ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
Tafsir Muyassar تفسير المیسر Saheeh International Basmeih Ma Jian E......ARABIC : ENGLISH : MALAY : CHINESE Tafsir Muyassar تفسير المیسر : Saheeh International : Basmeih : Ma Jian _____________________________________________ Tafsir Muyassar : تفسير المیسر بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ١ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا ١ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٢ وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا ٢ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٣ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا ٣ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٤ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا ٤ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٥ وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا ٥ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٦ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا ٦ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٧ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا ٧ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٨ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا ٨ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ٩ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا ٩ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ١٠ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا ١٠ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. ١١ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا ١١ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. ١٢ إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا ١٢ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. ١٣ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا ١٣ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. ١٤ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا ١٤ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. ١٥ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا ١٥ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. ----------------------------------------- al-layl بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ١ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ ١ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. ٢ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ ٢ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. ٣ وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ ٣ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. ٤ إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ ٤ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. ٥ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ ٥ فأمَّا من بذل من ماله واتقى الله في ذلك، وصدَّق بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنرشده ونوفقه إلى أسباب الخير والصلاح ونيسِّر له أموره. ٦ وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ ٦ فأمَّا من بذل من ماله واتقى الله في ذلك، وصدَّق بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنرشده ونوفقه إلى أسباب الخير والصلاح ونيسِّر له أموره. ٧ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ ٧ فأمَّا من بذل من ماله واتقى الله في ذلك، وصدَّق بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنرشده ونوفقه إلى أسباب الخير والصلاح ونيسِّر له أموره. ٨ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ ٨ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. ٩ وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ ٩ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. ١٠ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ ١٠ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. ١١ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ ١١ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. ١٢ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ ١٢ إن علينا بفضلنا وحكمتنا أن نبيِّن طريق الهدى الموصل إلى الله وجنته من طريق الضلال، وإن لنا ملك الحياة الآخرة والحياة الدنيا. ١٣ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ ١٣ إن علينا بفضلنا وحكمتنا أن نبيِّن طريق الهدى الموصل إلى الله وجنته من طريق الضلال، وإن لنا ملك الحياة الآخرة والحياة الدنيا. ١٤ فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ ١٤ فحذَّرتكم- أيها الناس- وخوَّفتكم نارًا تتوهج، وهي نار جهنم. _____________________________________________
____________________________________________ Saheeh International بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. ١ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا 1 By the sun and its brightness ٢ وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا 2 And [by] the moon when it follows it ٣ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا 3 And [by] the day when it displays it ٤ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا 4 And [by] the night when it covers it ٥ وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا 5 And [by] the sky and He who constructed it ٦ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا 6 And [by] the earth and He who spread it ٧ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا 7 And [by] the soul and He who proportioned it ٨ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا 8 And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness, ٩ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا 9 He has succeeded who purifies it, ١٠ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا 10 And he has failed who instills it [with corruption]. ١١ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا 11 Thamud denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression, ١٢ إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا 12 When the most wretched of them was sent forth. ١٣ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا 13 And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." ١٤ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا 14 But they denied him and hamstrung her. So their Lord brought down upon them destruction for their sin and made it equal [upon all of them]. ١٥ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا 15 And He does not fear the consequence thereof. ----------------------------------------- al-layl بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. ١ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ 1 By the night when it covers ٢ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ 2 And [by] the day when it appears ٣ وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ 3 And [by] He who created the male and female, ٤ إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ 4 Indeed, your efforts are diverse. ٥ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ 5 As for he who gives and fears Allah ٦ وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ 6 And believes in the best [reward], ٧ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ 7 We will ease him toward ease. ٨ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ 8 But as for he who withholds and considers himself free of need ٩ وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ 9 And denies the best [reward], ١٠ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ 10 We will ease him toward difficulty. ١١ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ 11 And what will his wealth avail him when he falls? ١٢ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ 12 Indeed, [incumbent] upon Us is guidance. ١٣ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ 13 And indeed, to Us belongs the Hereafter and the first [life]. ١٤ فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ 14 So I have warned you of a Fire which is blazing. ___________________________________________
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Basmeih بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. ١ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا 1 Demi matahari dan cahayanya yang terang-benderang; ٢ وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا 2 Dan bulan apabila ia mengiringinya; ٣ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا 3 Dan siang apabila ia memperlihatkannya dengan jelas nyata; ٤ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا 4 Dan malam apabila ia menyelubunginya (dengan gelap- gelita), ٥ وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا 5 Demi langit dan Yang membinanya (dalam bentuk yang kuat kukuh - yang melambangkan kekuasaanNya); ٦ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا 6 Serta bumi dan Yang menghamparkannya (untuk kemudahan makhluk-makhlukNya); ٧ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا 7 Demi diri manusia dan Yang menyempurnakan kejadiannya (dengan kelengkapan yang sesuai dengan keadaannya); ٨ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا 8 Serta mengilhamkannya (untuk mengenal) jalan yang membawanya kepada kejahatan, dan yang membawanya kepada bertaqwa; - ٩ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا 9 Sesungguhnya berjayalah orang yang menjadikan dirinya - yang sedia bersih - bertambah-tambah bersih (dengan iman dan amal kebajikan), ١٠ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا 10 Dan sesungguhnya hampalah orang yang menjadikan dirinya - yang sedia bersih - itu susut dan terbenam kebersihannya (dengan sebab kekotoran maksiat). ١١ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا 11 (Ingatlah), kaum Thamud telah mendustakan (Rasulnya) dengan sebab perbuatan derhaka mereka yang melampaui batas; ١٢ إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا 12 Ketika orang yang paling jahat di antara mereka menerima perintah dari mereka (supaya membunuh unta yang menjadi mukjizat), ١٣ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا 13 Maka berkatalah Rasul Allah (Nabi Soleh) kepada mereka: " (Janganlah kamu ganggu) unta betina dari Allah itu, dan (janganlah kamu menyekatnya daripada mendapat) air minumnya (supaya kamu tidak ditimpa azab)!" ١٤ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا 14 (Setelah Nabi Soleh memberi amaran) lalu mereka mendustakannya serta menyembelih unta itu. Dengan sebab dosa mereka, maka Tuhan menimpakan mereka dengan azab yang membinasakan serta Ia meratakan azab itu meliputi mereka (sehingga punah-ranah semuanya). ١٥ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا 15 Dan Allah tidak hiraukan kesudahan (mereka) yang demikian, (kerana itu adalah balasan yang adil). ----------------------------------------- al-layl بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. ١ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ 1 Demi malam apabila ia menyelubungi segala-galanya (dengan gelap-gelitanya), ٢ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ 2 Dan siang apabila ia lahir terang-benderang; ٣ وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ 3 Demi Yang menciptakan (makhluk-makhlukNya) lelaki dan perempuan, (jantan dan betina); - ٤ إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ 4 Sesungguhnya amal usaha kamu adalah berbagai-bagai keadaannya. ٥ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ 5 Jelasnya: adapun orang yang memberikan apa yang ada padanya ke jalan kebaikan dan bertaqwa (mengerjakan suruhan Allah dan meninggalkan segala laranganNya), - ٦ وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ 6 Serta ia mengakui dengan yakin akan perkara yang baik, ٧ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ 7 Maka sesungguhnya Kami akan memberikannya kemudahan untuk mendapat kesenangan (Syurga). ٨ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ 8 Sebaliknya: orang yang bakhil (daripada berbuat kebajikan) dan merasa cukup dengan kekayaan dan kemewahannya, - ٩ وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ 9 Serta ia mendustakan perkara yang baik, ١٠ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ 10 Maka sesungguhnya Kami akan memberikannya kemudahan untuk mendapat kesusahan dan kesengsaraan; ١١ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ 11 Dan apakah pertolongan yang dapat diberi kepadanya oleh hartanya apabiha ia telah terjerumus (ke dalam azab seksa hari akhirat)? ١٢ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ 12 Sesungguhnya tanggungan Kamilah memberi hidayah petunjuk (tentang yang benar dan yang salah). ١٣ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ 13 Dan sesungguhnya Kamilah yang menguasai hari akhirat dan alam dunia. ١٤ فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ 14 Maka (serentak dengan memberi hidayah petunjuk) Aku juga telah memberi amaran mengingatkan kamu akan api neraka yang marak menjulang, ______________________________________________
____________________________________________ Ma Jian بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا 1 以太阳及其光辉发誓, ٢ وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا 2 以追随太阳时的月亮发誓, ٣ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا 3 以揭示太阳时的白昼发誓, ٤ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا 4 以笼罩太阳时的黑夜发誓, ٥ وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا 5 以苍穹及其建筑者发誓, ٦ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا 6 以大地及其铺展者发誓, ٧ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا 7 以灵魂及使它均衡, ٨ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا 8 并启示他善恶者发誓, ٩ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا 9 凡培养自己的性灵者,必定成功; ١٠ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا 10 凡戕害自己的性灵者,必定失败。 ١١ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا 11 赛莫德人已因过分而否认真理。 ١٢ إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا 12 当时,他们中最薄命者忙上前来, ١٣ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا 13 使者就对他们说:你们让真主的母驼自由饮水吧。 ١٤ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا 14 但他们否认使者而宰杀母驼,故他们的主因他们的罪过而毁灭他们,使他们普遍受难。 ١٥ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا 15 他是不顾虑那灾难的後果的。 ----------------------------------------- al-layl بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ 1 以笼罩时的黑夜发誓, ٢ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ 2 以显著时的白昼发誓, ٣ وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ 3 以创造男性和女性的主发誓, ٤ إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ 4 你们的行为,确是不同的。 ٥ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ 5 至於赈济贫民,敬畏真主, ٦ وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ 6 且承认至善者, ٧ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ 7 我将使他易於达到最易的结局。 ٨ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ 8 至於吝惜钱财,自谓无求, ٩ وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ 9 且否认至善者, ١٠ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ 10 我将使他易於达到最难的结局。 ١١ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ 11 当他沦亡的时候,他的财产於他有什麽裨益呢! ١٢ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ 12 我确有指导的责任, ١٣ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ 13 我确有後世和今世的主权。 ١٤ فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ 14 故我警告你们一种发焰的火, _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________ E......ARABIC : ENGLISH : MALAY : CHINESE Tafsir Muyassar تفسير المیسر : Saheeh International : Basmeih : Ma Jian بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا ١ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 1 By the sun and its brightness 1 Demi matahari dan cahayanya yang terang-benderang; 1 以太阳及其光辉发誓, ٢ وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا ٢ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 2 And [by] the moon when it follows it 2 Dan bulan apabila ia mengiringinya; 2 以追随太阳时的月亮发誓, ٣ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا ٣ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 3 And [by] the day when it displays it 3 Dan siang apabila ia memperlihatkannya dengan jelas nyata; 3 以揭示太阳时的白昼发誓, ٤ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا ٤ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 4 And [by] the night when it covers it 4 Dan malam apabila ia menyelubunginya (dengan gelap- gelita), 4 以笼罩太阳时的黑夜发誓, ٥ وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا ٥ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 5 And [by] the sky and He who constructed it 5 Demi langit dan Yang membinanya (dalam bentuk yang kuat kukuh - yang melambangkan kekuasaanNya); 5 以苍穹及其建筑者发誓, ٦ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا ٦ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 6 And [by] the earth and He who spread it 6 Serta bumi dan Yang menghamparkannya (untuk kemudahan makhluk-makhlukNya); 6 以大地及其铺展者发誓, ٧ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا ٧ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 7 And [by] the soul and He who proportioned it 7 Demi diri manusia dan Yang menyempurnakan kejadiannya (dengan kelengkapan yang sesuai dengan keadaannya); 7 以灵魂及使它均衡, ٨ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا ٨ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 8 And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness, 8 Serta mengilhamkannya (untuk mengenal) jalan yang membawanya kepada kejahatan, dan yang membawanya kepada bertaqwa; - 8 并启示他善恶者发誓, ٩ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا ٩ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 9 He has succeeded who purifies it, 9 Sesungguhnya berjayalah orang yang menjadikan dirinya - yang sedia bersih - bertambah-tambah bersih (dengan iman dan amal kebajikan), 9 凡培养自己的性灵者,必定成功; ١٠ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا ١٠ أقسم الله بالشمس ونهارها وإشراقها ضحى، وبالقمر إذا تبعها في الطلوع والأفول، وبالنهار إذا جلَّى الظلمة وكشفها، وبالليل عندما يغطي الأرض فيكون ما عليها مظلمًا، وبالسماء وبنائها المحكم، وبالأرض وبَسْطها، وبكل نفس وإكمال الله خلقها لأداء مهمتها، فبيَّن لها طريق الشر وطريق الخير، قد فاز مَن طهَّرها ونمَّاها بالخير، وقد خسر مَن أخفى نفسه في المعاصي. 10 And he has failed who instills it [with corruption]. 10 Dan sesungguhnya hampalah orang yang menjadikan dirinya - yang sedia bersih - itu susut dan terbenam kebersihannya (dengan sebab kekotoran maksiat). 10 凡戕害自己的性灵者,必定失败。 ١١ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا ١١ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. 11 Thamud denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression, 11 (Ingatlah), kaum Thamud telah mendustakan (Rasulnya) dengan sebab perbuatan derhaka mereka yang melampaui batas; 11 赛莫德人已因过分而否认真理。 ١٢ إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا ١٢ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. 12 When the most wretched of them was sent forth. 12 Ketika orang yang paling jahat di antara mereka menerima perintah dari mereka (supaya membunuh unta yang menjadi mukjizat), 12 当时,他们中最薄命者忙上前来, ١٣ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا ١٣ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. 13 And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." 13 Maka berkatalah Rasul Allah (Nabi Soleh) kepada mereka: " (Janganlah kamu ganggu) unta betina dari Allah itu, dan (janganlah kamu menyekatnya daripada mendapat) air minumnya (supaya kamu tidak ditimpa azab)!" 13 使者就对他们说:你们让真主的母驼自由饮水吧。 ١٤ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا ١٤ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. 14 But they denied him and hamstrung her. So their Lord brought down upon them destruction for their sin and made it equal [upon all of them]. 14 (Setelah Nabi Soleh memberi amaran) lalu mereka mendustakannya serta menyembelih unta itu. Dengan sebab dosa mereka, maka Tuhan menimpakan mereka dengan azab yang membinasakan serta Ia meratakan azab itu meliputi mereka (sehingga punah-ranah semuanya). 14 但他们否认使者而宰杀母驼,故他们的主因他们的罪过而毁灭他们,使他们普遍受难。 ١٥ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا ١٥ كذَّبت ثمود نبيها ببلوغها الغاية في العصيان، إذ نهض أكثر القبيلة شقاوة لعقر الناقة، فقال لهم رسول الله صالح عليه السلام: احذروا أن تمسوا الناقة بسوء؛ فإنها آية أرسلها الله إليكم، تدل على صدق نبيكم، واحذروا أن تعتدوا على سقيها، فإن لها شِرْب يوم ولكم شِرْب يوم معلوم. فشق عليهم ذلك، فكذبوه فيما توعَّدهم به فنحروها، فأطبق عليهم ربهم العقوبة بجرمهم، فجعلها عليهم على السواء فلم يُفْلِت منهم أحد. ولا يخاف- جلت قدرته- تبعة ما أنزله بهم من شديد العقاب. 15 And He does not fear the consequence thereof. 15 Dan Allah tidak hiraukan kesudahan (mereka) yang demikian, (kerana itu adalah balasan yang adil). 15 他是不顾虑那灾难的後果的。 ----------------------------------------- al-layl بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. Dengan nama Allah, Yang Maha Pemurah, lagi Maha Mengasihani. 奉至仁至慈的真主之名 ١ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ ١ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. 1 By the night when it covers 1 Demi malam apabila ia menyelubungi segala-galanya (dengan gelap-gelitanya), 1 以笼罩时的黑夜发誓, ٢ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ ٢ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. 2 And [by] the day when it appears 2 Dan siang apabila ia lahir terang-benderang; 2 以显著时的白昼发誓, ٣ وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ ٣ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. 3 And [by] He who created the male and female, 3 Demi Yang menciptakan (makhluk-makhlukNya) lelaki dan perempuan, (jantan dan betina); - 3 以创造男性和女性的主发誓, ٤ إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ ٤ أقسم الله سبحانه بالليل عندما يغطي بظلامه الأرض وما عليها، وبالنهار إذا انكشف عن ظلام الليل بضيائه، وبخلق الزوجين: الذكر والأنثى. إن عملكم لمختلف بين عامل للدنيا وعامل للآخرة. 4 Indeed, your efforts are diverse. 4 Sesungguhnya amal usaha kamu adalah berbagai-bagai keadaannya. 4 你们的行为,确是不同的。 ٥ فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ ٥ فأمَّا من بذل من ماله واتقى الله في ذلك، وصدَّق بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنرشده ونوفقه إلى أسباب الخير والصلاح ونيسِّر له أموره. 5 As for he who gives and fears Allah 5 Jelasnya: adapun orang yang memberikan apa yang ada padanya ke jalan kebaikan dan bertaqwa (mengerjakan suruhan Allah dan meninggalkan segala laranganNya), - 5 至於赈济贫民,敬畏真主, ٦ وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ ٦ فأمَّا من بذل من ماله واتقى الله في ذلك، وصدَّق بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنرشده ونوفقه إلى أسباب الخير والصلاح ونيسِّر له أموره. 6 And believes in the best [reward], 6 Serta ia mengakui dengan yakin akan perkara yang baik, 6 且承认至善者, ٧ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ ٧ فأمَّا من بذل من ماله واتقى الله في ذلك، وصدَّق بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنرشده ونوفقه إلى أسباب الخير والصلاح ونيسِّر له أموره. 7 We will ease him toward ease. 7 Maka sesungguhnya Kami akan memberikannya kemudahan untuk mendapat kesenangan (Syurga). 7 我将使他易於达到最易的结局。 ٨ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ ٨ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. 8 But as for he who withholds and considers himself free of need 8 Sebaliknya: orang yang bakhil (daripada berbuat kebajikan) dan merasa cukup dengan kekayaan dan kemewahannya, - 8 至於吝惜钱财,自谓无求, ٩ وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ ٩ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. 9 And denies the best [reward], 9 Serta ia mendustakan perkara yang baik, 9 且否认至善者, ١٠ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ ١٠ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. 10 We will ease him toward difficulty. 10 Maka sesungguhnya Kami akan memberikannya kemudahan untuk mendapat kesusahan dan kesengsaraan; 10 我将使他易於达到最难的结局。 ١١ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ ١١ وأما مَن بخل بماله واستغنى عن جزاء ربه، وكذَّب بـ"لا إله إلا الله" وما دلت عليه، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء، فسنُيَسِّر له أسباب الشقاء، ولا ينفعه ماله الذي بخل به إذا وقع في النار. 11 And what will his wealth avail him when he falls? 11 Dan apakah pertolongan yang dapat diberi kepadanya oleh hartanya apabiha ia telah terjerumus (ke dalam azab seksa hari akhirat)? 11 当他沦亡的时候,他的财产於他有什麽裨益呢! ١٢ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ ١٢ إن علينا بفضلنا وحكمتنا أن نبيِّن طريق الهدى الموصل إلى الله وجنته من طريق الضلال، وإن لنا ملك الحياة الآخرة والحياة الدنيا. 12 Indeed, [incumbent] upon Us is guidance. 12 Sesungguhnya tanggungan Kamilah memberi hidayah petunjuk (tentang yang benar dan yang salah). 12 我确有指导的责任, ١٣ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ ١٣ إن علينا بفضلنا وحكمتنا أن نبيِّن طريق الهدى الموصل إلى الله وجنته من طريق الضلال، وإن لنا ملك الحياة الآخرة والحياة الدنيا. 13 And indeed, to Us belongs the Hereafter and the first [life]. 13 Dan sesungguhnya Kamilah yang menguasai hari akhirat dan alam dunia. 13 我确有後世和今世的主权。 ١٤ فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ ١٤ فحذَّرتكم- أيها الناس- وخوَّفتكم نارًا تتوهج، وهي نار جهنم. 14 So I have warned you of a Fire which is blazing. 14 Maka (serentak dengan memberi hidayah petunjuk) Aku juga telah memberi amaran mengingatkan kamu akan api neraka yang marak menjulang, 14 故我警告你们一种发焰的火, _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. 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_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4. ANSWERING CRITIQUES ON ISLAM _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ More Italian born are reverting to Islam Fabio Musa, born in Italy, reverted to Islam Lee Eng Hui, from Negeri Sembilan, reverted to Islam Daughter of former Italian MP, reverted to Islam Vince Focarelli, former notorious Italian born Australian gang leader, reverted to Islam _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
HAFALAN & ULANGAN ...... KAEDAH QAWAN - ada 10 Level Semua Al Qur'an di dunia dicetak pada 604 muka surat. Maka Kaedah Qawan membahagikan Al Qur'an kepada 6 bahagian. Kaedah memilih pasangan ..... 1.Pasangan muka surat di antara 2 juzuk. 2.Ayat ayatnya tidak panjang. 3. Sesuai dibaca dalam solat pada rakaat pertama dan kedua. 4. Sesuai dijadikan bahan untuk tazkirah selepas solat. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ LEVEL 1 6 Bahagian Melintang ( Horizontal - H ) Hanya pasangan muka surat di antara 2 juzuk. Hari Sabtu : ms 1- 100 Hari Ahad : ms 101 - 200 Hari Ithnin : ms 201 - 300 Hari Selasa : ms 301 - 400 Hari Rabu : ms 401 - 500 Hari Khamis : ms 501 - 604 Hari Jumaat : Ulangkaji semua sekadar mampu _______________________________________________ 6 Bahagian Menegak ( Vertical - V ) Hanya pasangan muka surat (ms) seluruh Al Qur'an, di antara 2 juzuk yang berhujung dengan nombor tertentu H.Sabtu : ms hujung 01-02 H.Ahad : ms hujung 21-22 H.Ithnin : ms hujung 41-42 H.Selasa : ms hujung 61-62 H.Rabu : ms hujung 81-82 H.Khamis : ms hujung 99-00 Hari Jumaat : Ulangkaji semua sekadar mampu ________________________________________________ LEVEL 2 ..... akan datang _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 1. Quran & Hadith 2. Seerah 3. Tabligh 6 points 4. Renowned local preachers 5. Renowned foreign preachers ______________________________________________ 1. QURAN & HADITH --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sabt 1 - 99 1 : Al Fatihah : 6 اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ HR Bukhari وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ الأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَا دَامَ وَإِنْ قَلَّ ---------------------------------------- 7 : Al Baqarah 2 : 43 وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ HR Muslim صَلاَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلاَةِ الْفَذِّ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ دَرَجَةً ---------------------------------------- 19 : Al Baqarah 2 : 121 الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَتْلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلَاوَتِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۗ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ HR Bukhari خيركم من تعلم القرآن وعلمه 22 : Al Baqarah 2 : 143 وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا ۗ HR Ibn Mājah : Sahih (Al-Albani) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْقَصْدِ " . ثَلاَثًا : " فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَمَلُّ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا -------------------------------------------- 52 : Ali Imran 3 : 19 إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ ۗ 61 : Ali Imran 3 : 85 وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ HR Bukhari مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ HR Ad-Daraqutni اَلْإِسْلَامِ يَعْلُو, وَلَا يُعْلَى -------------------------------------- 62 : Ali Imran 3 : 92 لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ ۚ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ HR Bukhari & Muslim : muttafaq ‘alaih اَلْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى 63 : Ali Imran 3 : 104 وَلْتَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أُمَّةٌ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ HR Muslim مَنْ دَلَّ عَلَى خَيْرٍ, فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ فَاعِلِهِ ----------------------------------------- 64 : Ali Imran 3 : 110 كُنْتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ ۗ .... HR Muslim مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ ------------------------------------------- 74 : Ali Imran 3 : 185 كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ ۗ Sunan Ibn Majah.....Grade Hasan (Darussalam) -------------------------------------------- 87 : An Nisaa' 4 : 59 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ ۖ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا HR Imam Malik dalam Al Muwatta HR Abu Daud & Termidhi...Hadith Hasan Sahih --------------------------------------------- 91 : An-Nisaa' 4 : 82 أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا --------------------------------------------- Ahad : 100 - 199 107 : ِِAl Maidah 5 : 3 الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا
_____________________________ 134 : Al An'am 6 : 54 ۖ .وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ HR Termizi....Hadith Hasan Sahih -------------------------------------------- Ithnain 200 - 299 ---------------------- Thulatha : 300 - 399 342 : Al Mu'minun 23 : 1-2 1.قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ 2. الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ HR Imam Malik وَأَسْوَأُ السَّرِقَةِ الَّذِي يَسْرِقُ صَلاَتَهُ " . قَالُوا وَكَيْفَ يَسْرِقُ صَلاَتَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ " لاَ يُتِمُّ رُكُوعَهَا وَلاَ سُجُودَهَا ----------------------------------------------- Arbi'a : 400 - 499 401 : Al Ankabut 29 : 45 .... إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ ۗ ... HR Termizi ..hadith hasan إن أول ما يحاسب به العبد يوم القيامة من عمله صلاته، ----------------------------------------- 404 : Al Ankabut 29 : 69 وَالَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا فِينَا لَنَهْدِيَنَّهُمْ سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَعَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ 420 : Al Ahzab 33 : 21 لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا ------------------------------------ Khamis : 500 - 604 507 : Muhammad 47 : 7 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللَّهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ ---------------------------------------------- 518 : Al Hujurat 49 : 13 يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ HR Muslim إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَأَعْمَالِكُمْ ------------------------------------------- 560 : At Tahrim 66 : 6 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ عَلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةٌ غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ لَا يَعْصُونَ اللَّهَ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ __________________________________________________ 574 : Al Muzzammil : 73 : 1-7 ١ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ . ٢ قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا . ٣ نِصْفَهُ أَوِ انْقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا . ٤ أَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلًا ٥ إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا . ٦ إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ اللَّيْلِ هِيَ أَشَدُّ وَطْئًا وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلًا ٧ إِنَّ لَكَ فِي النَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا 575 : Al Muddatstsir : 74 : 1-7 ١ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ . ٢ قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ . ٣ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ And magnify your Lord. ٤ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ 4 And purify your clothes. ٥ وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ 5 And abandon abominations. ٦ وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ 6 And show no favor seeking gain. ٧ وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ 7 And be constant for your Lord. 2. HADITH 2 : HR Tirmidhi مفتاح الجنة الصلاة ومفتاح الصلاة الوضوء 19 : HR Bukhari HR Muslim
(HR Bukhari & Muslim : muttafaq ‘alaih) اَلْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى HR Bukhari بلغوا عنى ولو اية Xxx __________________________________________________ 3. SEERAH Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf: that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Abu Bakr is in Paradise, 'Umar is in Paradise, 'Uthman is in Paradise, 'Ali is in Paradise, Talhah is in Paradise, Az-Zubair is in Paradise, 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf is in Paradise, Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas is in Paradise, Sa'eed is in Paradise, and Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah is in Paradise." حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُمَرُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُثْمَانُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَلِيٌّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَطَلْحَةُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَعْدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَعِيدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ " .
____________________________________________ Narrated Sa'id ibn Zayd: AbdurRahman ibn al-Akhnas said that when he was in the mosque, a man mentioned Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). So Sa'id ibn Zayd got up and said: I bear witness to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that I heard him say: Ten persons will go to Paradise: The Prophet (ﷺ) will go to Paradise, AbuBakr will go to Paradise, Umar will go to Paradise, Uthman will go to Paradise, Ali will go to Paradise, Talhah will go to Paradise: az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam will go to paradise, Sa'd ibn Malik will go to Paradise, and AbdurRahman ibn Awf will go to Paradise. If I wish, I can mention the tenth. The People asked: Who is he: So he kept silence. The again asked: Who is he: He replied: He is Sa'id ibn Zayd. حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ النَّمَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ الصَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الأَخْنَسِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَذَكَرَ رَجُلٌ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فَقَامَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ " عَشْرَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ النَّبِيُّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُمَرُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعُثْمَانُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَلِيٌّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَطَلْحَةُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ " . وَلَوْ شِئْتَ لَسَمَّيْتُ الْعَاشِرَ . قَالَ فَقَالُوا مَنْ هُوَ فَسَكَتَ قَالَ فَقَالُوا مَنْ هُوَ فَقَالَ هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ . Grade : Sahih
___________________________________________ Sejarah kejayaan di awal Islam semasa zaman Nabi dan Khalifah Ar Rasyidin : Kelengkapan meterial...... yang kurang Ketakwaan....... yang tinggi Sepuluh Sahabat Nabi yang dijamin syurga..... yang majoriti kaya, tapi dermawan .... terutama Abdurrahman bin Auf RA ..... Yang FATONAH mencari peluang untuk jadi tangan yang di atas __________________________________ 4. SIX POINTS OF TABLIGH ( 6 points of Sahabah ) (1) Iman .... Firm belief in .. Laa ilaaha illallah, Muhammadur Rasulullah (2) Solah .... Pray with full concentration and humbleness (3) Ilm & Zikr .... Seek knowledge ( fadhail and masail knowledge) & always zikr or remember Allah, to avoid doing haram action (4) Ikraam .....Respect and give service to our parents, fellows Muslim and people in general. (5) Ikhlas ..... Have sincerity in all of our action, or in other word, do things only to please Allah, and not for showing off. (6) Khuruj fi sabilillah ..... Spend time, money to go out in the path of Allah to train oneself to be a good Muslim and at the same, to spread Islam. _________________________________ 5. RENOWNED LOCAL PREACHERS 1. Ustaz Azhar Idrus __________________________________ 6. RENOWNED FOREIGN PREACHERS 1. Dr Zakir Naik __________________________________ |
Quiz
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Hadith : Conversation
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Grade | : Da’if (Darussalam) |
Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3479 |
In-book reference | : Book 48, Hadith 110 |
English translation | : Vol. 6, Book 45, Hadith 3479 |
Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood
Baby, do you understand me now
Sometimes I feel a little mad
But don't you know that no one alive
Can always be an angel
When things go wrong I seem to be bad
But I'm just a soul whose intentions are good
Oh Lord, please don't let me be misunderstood
Baby, sometimes I'm so carefree
With a joy that's hard to hide
And sometimes it seems that all I have do is worry
Then you're bound to see my other side
But I'm just a soul whose intentions are good
Oh Lord, please don't let me be misunderstood
If I seem edgy I want you to know
That I never mean to take it out on you
Life has it's problems and I get my share
And that's one thing I never meant to do
Because I love you
Oh, Oh baby don't you know I'm human
Have thoughts like any other one
Sometimes I…
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Lamuri, Indonesia : First Islamic state in SE Asia
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1 - 100 (623 - 719)
101 - 200 (720 - 816)
201- 300 (817 - 913)
301 - 400 (914 - 1010)
401 - 500 (1011 - 1107)
501 - 600 (1108 - 1204)
601 - 700 (1205 - 1301)
701 - 800 (1302 - 1398)
801 - 900 (1399 - 1495)
901 - 1000 (1496 - 1592)
1001 - 1100 (1593 - 1689)
1101 - 1200 (1690 - 1786)
1201 - 1300 (1787 - 1883)
1301 - 1400 (1884 - 1980)
1401 - 1500 (1981 - 2078)
570 | : 52 BH |
Birth of Prophet Muhammad at Mecca | |
610 | : 12 BH |
Revelation of the first versus of the Quran | |
Ali ibn Abu Talib and Abu Bakar as Siddiq accept Islam | |
615 | : 7 BH |
Conversion of Omar Ibn Al Khattab | |
620 | : 2 BH |
A group of Muslims migrates to Abyssinia to escape the persecution in Mecca | |
622 | : 1 AH |
Prophet Muhammad migrates to Madina | |
Start of the Islamic calendar | |
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624 | : 2 AH |
Battle of Badr | |
625 | : 3 AH |
Battle of Uhud | |
626 | : 5 AH |
Battle of Khandaq / Battle of the Trench | |
627 | : 6 AH |
Prophet Muhammad concludes the Treaty of Hudaibiya with the Meccans | |
628 | : 7 AH |
The Muslims reclaim Mecca | |
The Prophet sends messages to Khosroe of Persia, Heraclius of Byzantium, Muqawqis of Egypt and the king of Yemen, inviting them to accept Islam | |
632 | : 11 AH |
Farewell pilgrimage of Prophet Muhammad | |
The last verse of the Quran is revealed | |
Defensive expedition to Tabuk against the Byzantines ends in a stalemate and commander Zaid bin Harris is killed in action | |
Prophet Muhammad passes away | |
The Companions establish the Caliphate to affirm the historical continuity of Islam | |
Abu Bakar as Siddiq is elected the first Caliph | |
Death of Fatimah az Zahra beloved daughter of the Prophet,wife of Ali ibn Abu Talib | |
633 | : 12 AH |
Abu Bakar conducts campaigns against eastern Arabs to ensure their compliance with zakat | |
Rise of the false prophets | |
Battle of Yamama against Musailimah Al Kazzab | |
Abu Bakar authorizes the preparation of a written copy of the Quran, the Mashaf e Siddiqi | |
634 | : 13 AH |
Muslim armies defeat the Byzantines at the Battle of Ajnadyn | |
Abu Bakar passes away | |
Omar ibn Al Khattab is elected the Caliph | |
635 | : 14 AH |
Campaigns against eastern Roman and Persian Empires | |
The Muslims capture Damascus | |
636 | : 15 AH |
The Persian army is defeated at the Battle of Qadasia | |
The Byzantines are defeated at the Battle of Yarmuk | |
Jerusalem conquered by Arab armies. Freedom of worship is guaranteed to Christians. | |
637 | : 16 AH |
The Muslims capture Madayen, capital of the Persian Empire | |
640 | : 19 AH |
Omar bin al As begins campaigns in Egypt | |
641 | : 20 AH |
Arab armies advance towards Khorasan, Afghanistan dan Sindh | |
642 | : 21 AH |
The conquest of Egypt is completed | |
Caliph Omar streamlines the administration of the vast empire | |
Judical rulings of Omar ibn al Khattab and Ali ibn Abu Talib provide a basis for the sciences of Fiqh | |
Persian armies defeated at the Battle of Nahawand | |
643 | : 22 AH |
First construction of the Al Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem | |
644 | : 23 AH |
Caliph Omar ibn Al Khattab is assassinated | |
Uthman bin Affan is elected the Caliph | |
649 | : 28 AH |
Cyprus is captured from the Byzantines | |
650 | : 29 AH |
Pronunciation of Quranic verses standardized | |
652 | : 31 AH |
Death of Abu Dhar al Ghifari, venerated Companion and Sufi | |
656 | : 36 AH |
Caliph Uthman bin Affan is assassinated | |
Ali ibn Abu Talib is elected the Caliph | |
Beginning of the Civil Wars | |
Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib defeats dissidents under Aisha binti Abu Bakar at the Battle of the Camel | |
657 | : 37 AH |
Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, governor of Syria, refuses to recognize the Caliphate of Ali | |
Battle of Siffin between forces of Ali and Muawiya | |
Beginning of the Kharijite schism | |
658 | : 38 AH |
Ali ibn Abu Talib defeats the Kharijites at the Battle of Nahrawan | |
Muawiya is declared the Caliph by his supporters in Damascus | |
659 | : 39 AH |
Truce between Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib and Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan | |
661 | : 41 AH |
Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib is assassinated | |
Age of Khulafa e Rashidoon ends | |
Muawiya claims the Caliphate | |
Beginning of the Umayyad dynasty | |
Imam Hassan ibn Ali retires from politics | |
665 | : 45 AH |
Muawiya orders the buildup of a navy | |
667 | : 47 AH |
Muslim armies capture Khorasan | |
669 | : 49 AH |
Death of Imam Hassan ibn Ali | |
670 | : 50 AH |
Uqba bin Nafi begins the conquest of North Africa | |
The city of Khairaoun in North Africa is founded | |
671 | : 51 AH |
Muslim armies capture the island of Rhodes | |
The first attempt to capture Constantinople fails | |
678 | : 58 AH |
Death of Aisha binti Abu Bakar wife of Prophet Muhammad and the source of a large number of Hadith | |
680 | : 60 AH |
Death of Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan | |
Yazid son of Muawiya becomes Omayyad ruler | |
The tragedy of Karbala, Hussain ibn Ali,grandson of the Prophet is martyred | |
Beginning of Yawm e Ashoora | |
683 | : 63 AH |
Yazid sacks Madina | |
Uqba bin Nafi conquers North Africa | |
Death of Yazid: Muawiya II succeeds him | |
684 | : 64 AH |
Marwan I becomes the Caliph | |
685 | : 65 AH |
Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph | |
Construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem | |
Muslim armies advance into Central Asia | |
690 | : 71 AH |
Omayyad armies reach the Atlantic Ocean | |
691 | : 72 AH |
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is completed | |
692 | : 73 AH |
Abdul Malik mints the first coins of the Islamic state | |
693 | : 74 AH |
Al Hajjaj also known as al Hajjaj the cruel becomes governor of Iraq | |
694 | : 75 AH |
Construction of the Omayyad Mosque in Damascus | |
699 | : 80 AH |
Death of Al Juhani rationalist, philosopher | |
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705 | : 86 AH |
Al Walid I becomes the Caliph and begins a vigorous expansion of the empire | |
711 | : 92 AH |
Tariq ibn Ziyad lands in Spain. Visigoth army under Rodriguez is defeated at the Battle of Buhayrah | |
Muhammad bin Qasim lands at Debal subdues Baluchistan , Sindh , Multan and southern Punjab | |
712 | : 93 AH |
Musa ibn Nusair advances into Leon, Astoria, and Galicia | |
Beginning of 780 years of Muslim rule in Andalus | |
Jewish golden age in Spain | |
Death of Imam Zainul Abedin | |
713 | : 94 AH |
Zaid bin Zainul Abedin organizes resistance to the Omayyads. Beginning of the Zaidi branch. | |
Muslim armies capture Lyons in France | |
714 | : 95 AH |
Muhammad bin Qasim recalled from Sindh by Hajjaj bin Yusuf and imprisoned until death | |
Muslims capture Normandy in France | |
715 | : 96 AH |
Sulaiman becomes Umayyad Caliph | |
Musa ibn Nusair recalled from Spain by Caliph Sulaiman, stripped of all power and banished into the desert | |
717 | : 98 AH |
Omar bin Abdul Aziz becomes the Caliph and attempts reconciliation in the Islamic community. He lowers taxes on peasants in Persia and Egypt. | |
The Byzantines repulse a second Muslim attempt to capture Constantinople. | |
Spread of Islam into Persia and Egypt picks up momentum | |
719 | : 100 AH |
Omar bin Abdul Aziz is poisoned | |
Yazid II becomes the Caliph | |
720 | : 101 AH |
Muslim armies cross the Pyrenees and occupy southern France | |
724 | : 106 AH |
Hisham becomes the Caliph | |
728 | : 110 AH |
Death of Hasan al Basri,well known Sufi Shaykh | |
731 | : 113 AH |
Death of Imam al Baqir | |
732 | : 114 AH |
Charles Martel stops the Muslim advance into Europe at the Battle of Tours | |
735 | : 117 AH |
Muslim armies advance through southern France and occupy mountain passes in Switzerland | |
740 | : 122 AH |
Death of Imam Zaid bin Zain ul Abedin | |
743 | : 125 AH |
Al Walid II becomes the Caliph | |
744 | : 126 AH |
Abu Muslim is appointed the chief dayee of Khorasan | |
Yazid III, Ibrahim and Marwan II become the Caliphs in rapid succession | |
745 | : 127 AH |
Imam Jaafar as Saadiq discusses Fiqh issues in his study circles. Imam Abu Haneefa participates in these studies and benefits from them. | |
746 | : 128 AH |
Beginning of the Abbasid revolution in Khorasan | |
747 | : 129 AH |
Kufa falls to the Abbasids. Abu Muslim nominates Abul Abbas as the first Abbasid Caliph | |
750 | : 132 AH |
The Abbasid Revolution | |
The Abbasid forces defeat the Caliph Marwan at the Battle of Kushaf. The Umayyads are swept away from power and are slaughtered | |
Andur Rahman I escapes to Spain | |
Beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. Abu Abbas al Saffah becomes the first Abbasid Caliph | |
751 | : 133 AH |
Battle of Tlas.The Muslim armies are victorious over the forces of the Tang Empire. China cedes Central Asia to the Caliphate | |
Systematic development of Fiqh begins | |
754 | : 136 AH |
Al Mansur becomes the Caliph,sends troops into China in response to a request for help from the Tang Emperor Tsung. | |
755 | : 138 AH |
The Umayyad Abdur Rahman I establishes the Umayyad Emirate in Cordoba Spain | |
759 | : 142 AH |
The Franks recapture Narbonne from the Muslims | |
760 | : 143 AH |
Death of Imam Ismail, son of Imam Jaafar as Saadiq | |
Beginning of the Fatimid branch among Muslims | |
763 | : 146 AH |
Baghdad becomes the seat of the Caliphate and the cradle of Islamic civilization | |
765 | : 148 AH |
Death of Imam Jaafar as Saadiq one of the principal sources of Fiqh. Caliph al Mansur establishes schools of translation in Baghdad. | |
Muslims come into contact with Greek philosophy and Indian mathematics | |
768 | : 151 AH |
Death of Imam Abu Haneefa after whom the Hanafi school of Fiqh is named. | |
Charlemagne ( 768-814) ascends the Frankish throne. | |
775 | : 158 AH |
Al Mahdi becomes the Caliph | |
778 | : 161 AH |
Charlemagne of France raids Muslim Spain | |
780 | : 163 AH |
Charlemagne invades German territories and converts the Germans to Christianity | |
781 | : 164 AH |
Ibn Jabir invents the science of chemistry | |
785 | : 168 AH |
Al Hadi becomes the Caliph | |
786 | : 169 AH |
Harun al Rashid becomes the Caliph. Golden age of Baghdad | |
788 | : 172 AH |
Beginning of the Idrisid dynasty in North Africa | |
790 | : 174 AH |
The manufacture of paper is introduced into Baghdad from China | |
795 | : 179 AH |
Death of Imam Malik bin Anas, after whom the Maliki school of Fiqh is named | |
799 | : 183 AH |
Zubaida, wife of Harun al Rashid performs the Hajj and builds rest houses for hajjis on the road | |
Death of Imam Muza al Kazim | |
800 | : 184 AH |
Harun al Rashid and Charlemagne exchange ambassadors | |
801 | : 185 AH |
The city of Fez is established | |
Charlemagne begins an invasion of Muslim Spain | |
802 | : 186 AH |
Death of Rabia al Adawiya one of the most celebrated spiritual luminaries and a teacher of Sufi masters | |
809 | : 193 AH |
Death of Harun al Rashid. Al Amin becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
813 | : 197 AH |
Al Mamun succeeds his brother Al Amin as the Caliph | |
814 | : 198 AH |
Death of Charlemagne. The Carolingian Empire in Europe begins to disintegrate | |
815 | : 199 AH |
Al Khwarizmi invents the science of Algebra and develops the mathematics of equations | |
Viking raids from the North ravage Europe | |
The Abbasid Empire begins a slow process of disintegration. The Idrisids in North Africa and the Tahirids in Persia become autonomous | |
818 | : 202 AH |
Death of Imam Ali al Rida | |
820 | : 205 AH |
Death of Imam al Shafie after whom the Shafie school of Fiqh is named. | |
Rise of the Aghlabids in North Africa | |
822 | : 207 AH |
Music flourishes at the court of Cordoba under the musician al Zirhab | |
The Aghlabid armies from North Africa invade Sicily | |
827 | : 212 AH |
Caliph al Mamun adopts Mutazilite doctrines as court dogma | |
The Idrisids capture Crete, Sardinia and Sicily | |
830 | : 215 AH |
Caliph al Mamun patronizes the Bait ul Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad and encourages translation of Greek and Sanskrit books into arabic. The Muslims develop concept of decimals in mathematics | |
831 | : 216 AH |
Muslims capture Palermo Italy | |
833 | : 218 AH |
Death of Al Mamun. Al Mutasim becomes the Caliph and enlists Turks into the army | |
835 | : 220 AH |
Death of Imam al Jawwad | |
838 | : 223 AH |
Umayyad armies from Spain occupy Marseilles France | |
840 | : 225 AH |
Death of Al Khwarizmi mathematician , Sufi Shaykh | |
842 | : 227 AH |
Al Wathiq becomes the Caliph | |
846 | : 231 AH |
The Aghlabids in North Africa occupy Pisa and conduct a raid on Rome | |
847 | : 232 AH |
Al Mutawakkil becomes the Caliph abandons Mutazilite doctrines | |
850 | : 235 AH |
Turkish influence in the Caliphate grows | |
855 | : 241 AH |
Death of Imam ibn Hanbal after whom the Hanbali school of FIqh is named | |
861 | : 247 AH |
University of Kairaouine ( established 859 CE ) in Fes Morocco. Caliph al Mutawakkil is murdered in Baghdad. Al Muntasir becomes the Caliph | |
866 | : 252 AH |
Al Mutaz becomes the Caliph | |
868 | : 254 AH |
Egypt becomes autonomous under the Tulunids | |
Palermo in Sicily becomes a center of Islamic learning | |
Death of Imam al Hadi | |
870 | : 256 AH |
The Zanj workers from East Africa revolt in Iraq | |
Death of Al Farabi and Al Kindi noted men of science | |
Death of Al Tabari renowned physician | |
The Muslims capture Malta | |
Al Mutamid becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
874 | : 260 AH |
Death of Abul Hussain Muslim, compiler of Hadith | |
Death of Imam al Askari | |
Death of Al Kindi mathematician astronomer | |
Death of Al Bistami one of the most celebrated Sufi Shaikhs | |
875 | : 261 AH |
Hamdan Karamat starts the Karamatian movement | |
The Sassanids establish themselves in Bokhara | |
878 | : 264 AH |
Disappearance of Imam al Muntazar the Twelth Imam | |
Beginning of belief in the hidden Imam | |
880 | : 266 AH |
The Aghlabids lose southern Italy to Christian forces | |
882 | : 268 AH |
A rebellion of the Zanj in Iraq is crushed | |
885 | : 272 AH |
Death of Dawud ibn Khalaf expounder of the Zahiri school of Fiqh | |
887 | : 274 AH |
Peasant revolt in China against foreigners forces out the Muslims of Canton | |
889 | : 276 AH |
Death of Ibn Kutaiba historian | |
890 | : 277 AH |
Spanish Muslims re-establish bases in southern France and conduct raids into Switzerland | |
892 | : 279 AH |
Death of Muhammed al Tharmidi historian | |
Al Mutadid becomes the Caliph | |
893 | : 280 AH |
The Karamatians capture Yemen | |
898 | : 285 AH |
Imam al Hadi Yahya establishes a Zaidi state in Yemen | |
900 | : 287 AH |
The Arabian Nights are compiled | |
Improvements appear in the design and use of the Astrolabe | |
The Kharijites establish a dynasty in Sijilmasa North Africa | |
901 | : 288 AH |
The Samanids emerge in Khorasan Persia | |
902 | : 289 AH |
Al Muktafi becomes the Caliph | |
903 | : 290 AH |
The Karamatians plunder Damascus | |
904 | : 291 AH |
Muslim armies capture Solonika from the Byzantines | |
907 | : 294 AH |
Abu Abdullah Fatimid leader moves to North Africa | |
908 | : 295 AH |
Al Muqtadir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
909 | : 296 AH |
The Fatimids establish themselves in North Africa | |
Ubaidulla al Mahdi becomes the first Fatimid Caliph | |
910 | : 297 AH |
Al Razi conducts research into infectious diseases including small pox,rabies and the plague | |
912 | : 299 AH |
Reign of Abdul Rahman III in Spain (912 - 961). Cordoba becomes the premier city of Europe. Golden age of Spain. Science and civilization thrive. | |
914 | : 301 AH |
Nasr al Saeed of the Samanids in Khorasan favors the Fatimids over the Abbasids | |
915 | : 302 AH |
The Kharijites establish themselves in southern Morocco | |
The Fatimids raid Egypt | |
922 | : 310 AH |
Mansur al Hallaj Persian mystic is executed for his esoteric views | |
Beginning of the Tahirid dynasty in Iraq | |
923 | : 311 AH |
Death of Abu Tabari, noted commentator on the Quran | |
925 | : 313 AH |
Death of Al Razi doctor of medicine | |
929 | : 317 AH |
In response to Fatimid claims to the Caliphate, Abdul Rahman III of Spain assumes the title of Caliph and protector of Sunni Muslims in North Africa | |
930 | : 318 AH |
The Karamatians raid Mecca and carry off the Hijr e Aswad from the Haram to Bahrain | |
931 | : 319 AH |
Abdur Rahman III occupies Ceuta | |
The Fatimids capture Algeria | |
932 | : 320 AH |
The Buyids establish their rule in southern Iraq | |
Al Qahir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
933 | : 321 AH |
The Ishkedids displace the Tulunids in Egypt and rule until 969 | |
934 | : 322 AH |
Al Radi becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
Al Qaim becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
936 | : 324 AH |
Death of Al Ashari (874-936), highly influential theologian who reconciled Mutazilite doctrines with orthodox theology. Author of ''occasionalism' in philosophy | |
939 | : 327 AH |
Abdul RAhman III of Spain captures Fraxinetum, Valais,Geneva, Toulon and Great St. Bernard | |
940 | : 328 AH |
Extensive postal services are established by the Abbasids | |
Al Muttaqi becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
945 | : 333 AH |
The Buyids temporarily capture Baghdad | |
946 | : 334 AH |
Al Mutee becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
Al Mansur becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
950 | : 338 AH |
Death of Al Farabi , noted scientist, philosopher, jurist,author of treatises on ethics, music and logic, Sufi Shaykh | |
951 | : 340 AH |
The Ikhwan as Safa in Iraq compile an Ecyclopedia of Knowledge | |
953 | : 342 AH |
Al Muiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in North Africa | |
955 | : 344 AH |
Sharp naval engagements between the navies of Al Muiz and Abdul Rahman III off the coast of Spain | |
957 | : 346 AH |
Al Masudi, the historian, passes away | |
961 | : 350 AH |
Death of Abdul Rahman III | |
The Oghuz family of Turks in Central Asia accepts Islam | |
962 | : 351 AH |
The Seljuk, Alaptagin, establishes a kingdom in Ghazna Afghanistan | |
968 | : 357 AH |
The Umayyads establish a university in Cordoba | |
969 | : 358 AH |
The Fatimids conquer Egypt and establish the city of Cairo | |
970 | : 359 AH |
The Fatimids capture Syria, Mecca and Madina and lay claim to the leadership of the Islamic world. Fatimid rule in Multan ( modern Pakistan ). Brisk trade between Alexandria, Egypt and Venice, Italy | |
971 | : 360 AH |
The Fatimids establish Al-Azhar University in Cairo | |
974 | : 363 AH |
Al Ta'ee becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
975 | : 364 AH |
Death of Al Muiz, Fatimid Caliph of Egypt. Al Aziz becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
Muslim astronomers publish manuscripts showing constellations of stars | |
988 | : 378 AH |
Count Vladimir of Kiev embraces Eastern Orthodox Christianity | |
991 | : 381 AH |
Al Qadir becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
996 | : 386 AH |
Al Hakim becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
Pope Pious XI declares the Crusades against Muslim | |
997 | : 387 AH |
Mahmud succeeds Alaptagin in Ghazna and dominates Central Asia | |
999 | : 389 AH |
Large scale Turkish migrations into Central Asia. |
|
Kara Khani Turks occupy Bukhara. |
|
Mahmud of Ghazna annexes Khorasan. |
|
1000 | : 390 AH |
Mahmud makes the first of seventeen raids into India. |
|
The Chinese use gunpowder to propel arrows. |
|
1001 | : 391 AH |
Mahmud starts campaigns to capture Peshawar, Bhera, Nagarkot, Tarain, Thaneshwar and Kanauj in India. |
|
1004 | : 394 AH |
Mahmud defeats Dawud, Fatimid ruler of Multan. |
|
1016 | : 407 AH |
The Christians reclaim Sardinia. |
|
1017 | : 408 AH |
Beginning of the Druze sect in Lebanon. |
|
1020 | : 411 AH |
Death of Firdowsi of Persia, author of Shah Nama. |
|
Mahmud establishes Lahore as the capital of Punjab. |
|
Death of Fatimid Caliph al Hakim who had claimed divinity. |
|
1021 | : 412 AH |
Al Zahir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. |
|
1024 | : 415 AH |
Mahmud raids temple of Somanath in Gujrat, India. |
|
1025 | : 416 AH |
Al Baruni publishes Kitab ul Hind, a penetrating study of the people of India. |
|
1030 | : 421 AH |
Death of Mahmud of Ghazna. |
|
1031 | : 422 AH |
The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba disintegrates. Spain breaks up into petty emirates. The Christian kingdoms of Castille, Leon and Portugal position themselves to attack the Muslim territories. |
|
Al Qaim becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
|
1032 | : 423 AH |
The Church of Constantinople breaks with the Church of Rome over the issue of icons in the Church. |
|
1036 | : 427 AH |
Taghril Beg becomes Seljuk Sultan. |
|
Al Mustansir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. |
|
1037 | : 428 AH |
Death of Abu Ali ibn Sina, one of the greatest of physicians. |
|
Ferdinand I, king of Castille, captures Leon. |
|
1038 | : 429 AH |
Death of Al Hazen, noted physicist. |
|
1043 | : 434 AH |
The Fatimid Empire begins to crumble. Mecca, Madina, Yemen and North Africa are lost by the Fatimids. |
|
1048 | : 440 AH |
Death of al Bairuni, historian, author of Kitab ul Hind. |
|
1050 | : 442 AH |
The Christians advance in Sicily. |
|
1051 | : 443 AH |
Beginning of the Murabitun revolution in West Africa. |
|
1056 | : 448 AH |
The Seljuk Taghril Beg and the Buyid Basisiri contest the control of Baghdad. |
|
1058 | : 450 AH |
Taghril Beg is anointed by Abbasid Caliph Kaim as “sultan of the east and the west” for his role in protecting the Abbasid Caliphate. |
|
1060 | : 452 AH |
The Seljuk Turks advance into Persia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. |
|
The Crusaders raid the coast of North Africa. |
|
1061 | : 453 AH |
The Murabitun capture Morocco. |
|
The Murabitun establish the city of Marrakesh as their capital. |
|
1063 | : 455 AH |
Taghril Beg dies childless. His nephew Alap Arsalan becomes the Seljuk sultan. |
|
1068 | : 460 AH |
Beginning of the Songhay Empire in West Africa. |
|
1072 | : 464 AH |
Battle of Manzikert. The Seljuk Turks under Alap Arsalan defeat the Byzantines under Emperor Romanus and open up Anatolia for Turkish settlement. |
|
The Christians capture Palermo in Sicily. |
|
1075 | : 467 AH |
The Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah retakes Syria from the Fatimids. |
|
Al Muqtadi becomes the Abbasid Caliph. |
|
1077 | : 469 AH |
Birth of Abdul Qader Jeelani, celebrated Sufi sage. |
|
1085 | : 478 AH |
Alfonso I of Castile captures Toledo, the ancient capital of Visigoth Spain. The extensive libraries of Toledo become accessible to Christian Europe. |
|
1086 | : 479 AH |
The Murabitun emir, Yusuf bin Tashfin, advances into Spain at the head of a powerful African force. |
|
The Nizamiya College is founded in Baghdad by Nizam ul Mulk, grand vizier to Sultan Malik Shah. |
|
1087 | : 480 AH |
Yusuf bin Tashfin defeats Alfonso VI at the Battle of Sagrajas. |
|
The Crusaders sack Mahdiya in North Africa. |
|
The assassin terror grows in Iraq and Syria. |
|
1090 | : 483 AH |
Al Ghazzali teaches at NizamiyaCollege, Baghdad. |
|
The Crusaders capture Malta. |
|
The assassins capture Alamut in northern Syria and establish a training center for fidayees. |
|
1091 | : 484 AH |
End of Muslim presence in Sicily. |
|
Smyrna in Anatolia becomes the Seljuk capital. |
|
Death of Sultan Malik Shah. |
|
The assassins murder grand vizier Nizam ul Mulk. |
|
1094 | : 487 AH |
Al Mustansir becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
|
Al Mustadi becomes the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo. |
|
1095 | : 488 AH |
Pope Urban II declares a Crusade to take Jerusalem. |
|
Al Afdal, grand vizier of Fatimid Egypt, recaptures Jerusalem from Turkish emir Duqaq of Damascus. |
|
1096 | : 489 AH |
The start of the First Crusade. |
|
1097 | : 490 AH |
Konya Anatolia becomes the Seljuk capital. |
|
The Turks retreat before the advancing Crusaders. | |
The Fatimids in Egypt start negotiations with the Crusaders to divide up Seljuk territories. | |
1098 | : 491 AH |
The Crusaders capture Antioch. |
|
1099 | : 492 AH |
Jerusalem falls to the Crusaders. The Muslims and the Jews are massacred. Baldwin becomes king of Jerusalem. |
|
1100 | : 493 AH |
Al Ghazzali writes a powerful diatribe, Tahaffuz al Falsafa, against speculative philosophy. In Ihya al Uloom, he accords tasawwuf an honored position in the Islamic sciences. |
|
1106 | : 499 AH |
Death of Yusuf bin Tashfin, emir of the Murabitun. |
|
1111 | : 504 AH |
Abu Hamid al Ghazzali dies after transforming the intellectual landscape of the Islamic world. |
|
1113 | : 507 AH |
Maudud, a Seljuk officer from Mosul, defeats King Baldwin of Jerusalem. |
|
1118 | : 512 AH |
Al Mustarshid, Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
|
1123 | : 517 AH |
Death of Omar al Khayyam, mathematician, mystic. |
|
1124 | : 518 AH |
Death of Hassan al Sabbah, leader of the Assassins. |
|
1126 | : 520 AH |
Archbishop Raymond establishes a school in Toledo to translate Arabic books into Latin. |
|
1127 | : 521 AH |
The Assassins murder Turkish officer Maudud. |
|
1130 | : 524 AH |
Death of ibn Tumart, leader of the Al Muhaddithin. |
|
1132 | : 526 AH |
Roger II of Sicily invites Muslim scholars to work at his court. |
|
1139 | :533 AH |
Birth of Khwaja Moeenuddin Chishti, Sufi sage. |
|
1141 | : 535 AH |
The Kara Kitai Turkomans defeat the Seljuks at Amu Darya. |
|
1144 | : 538 AH |
The Seljuks, under Zengi, recapture Edessa. | |
Pope Eugene declares the Second Crusade. | |
1145 | : 539 AH |
The Second Crusade collapses in Anatolia but succeeds in capturing Lisbon in Portugal. | |
End of the Murabitun rule in Andalus. | |
1146 | : 541 AH |
The al Muhaddithin captures Morocco. | |
The assassins murder Seljuk Emir Zengi. | |
1149 | : 544 AH |
Al Zafir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. |
|
1150 | : 545 AH |
The University of Paris is established. |
|
1151 | : 546 AH |
Al Idrisi constructs a map of the then known world. |
|
1154 | : 549 AH |
The Kurdish officer Nuruddin, in Seljuk service, takes Damascus. | |
Al Faiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo. | |
1157 | : 552 AH |
The al Muhaddithin captures Andalus. |
|
1160 | : 555 AH |
Al Mustanjid becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. | |
Al Adid, the last of the Fatimids, becomes the Caliph in Cairo. | |
1163 | : 558 AH |
The Seljuks and the Crusaders compete for influence in Fatimid Egypt. |
|
1166 | : 561 AH |
Death of Shaykh Abdul Qader Jeelani of Baghdad, called Shaykh ul Mashaiq, founder of the Qadariya Sufi order. | |
Death of the geographer, al Idrisi. | |
1167 | : 562 AH |
Establishment of Oxford University in England. | |
1170 | : 565 AH |
Salahuddin takes Egypt from the Fatimids. | |
Al Mustadi becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. | |
1171 | : 566 AH |
End of the Fatimid era. Egypt reverts to the Abbasid Caliphate. | |
1173 | : 568 AH |
Ghiasuddin Ghori established the kingdom of Ghor in Afghanistan. | |
1175 | : 570 AH |
Salahuddin consolidates his hold on Syria and Egypt. | |
Death of Ahmed al Rifai, founder of the Rifaiyah Sufi brotherhood. | |
1177 | : 572 AH |
Muhammed Ghori adds Multan, Uch, Dera Ismail Khan and Sindh to his dominions. | |
1179 | : 575 AH |
Muhammed Ghori starts campaigns to capture Peshawar and Sialkot. | |
1182 | : 578 AH |
Khwaja Muhammed Ghouse of Sindh introduces the Qadariya order into India and Pakistan. | |
1187 | : 583 AH |
Battle of Hittin. Salahuddin triumphs and recaptures Jerusalem. | |
Muhammed Ghori captures Lahore. | |
1188 | : 584 AH |
Pope Clement III launches the Third Crusade. | |
1189 | : 585 AH |
Khwaja Moeenuddin Chisti moves to Ajmer, India and establishes the Chistiya order. | |
1190 | : 586 AH |
King Richard of England proposes a marriage between his sister and Saifuddin, brother of Salahuddin and for the two together to rule Jerusalem. The proposal is opposed by the Crusaders and is abandoned. | |
1191 | : 587 AH |
Accra surrenders to the Crusaders after a long siege. | |
Mohammed Ghori suffers a defeat at the Battle of Tarain and is forced to withdraw towards Kabul. | |
1192 | : 588 AH |
Muhammed Ghori, victorious over the Rajputs, captures Delhi. Prithvi Raj Chauhan, ruler of Ajmer and Delhi is slain. | |
1193 | : 589 AH |
Salahuddin passes away and is buried in Damascus. |
|
1196 | : 592 AH |
The al Muhaddith emir al Mansur defeats the Crusaders at the Battle of Alarcos. | |
1198 | : 594 AH |
Death of ibn Rushd, of the great world philosophers. | |
1199 | : 595 AH |
Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade. | |
1200 | : 596 AH |
Islam takes roots in Indonesia. | |
Alauddin Muhammed becomes the Shah of Khwarazm. | |
The Crusaders capture Valencia. | |
Cambridge University is established in England. | |
1201 | : 597 AH |
The Latin Crusaders sack Zara, a Christian city on the Adriatic. | |
1202 | : 598 AH |
The Delhi Sultanate is established. | |
1203 | : 599 AH |
Death of Nizami, well known Farsi poet. | |
1204 | : 600 AH |
The Crusaders, led by Dondolo of Venice, sack Constantinople and loot its treasures. | |
Johan Shah, ruler of Sumatra, accepts Islam. | |
1205 | : 601 AH |
The Turkoman Kara Kitai defeats Mohammed Ghori. | |
The Ghorids put down a rebellion in the Punjab. | |
1206 | : 602 AH |
Genghiz Khan becomes the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. | |
The assassins murder Muhammed Ghori. | |
The Delhi sultans advance towards Bengal. | |
1211 | : 608 AH |
Altumish ascends the throne of Delhi. | |
1212 | : 609 AH |
The Crusaders defeat the al Muhaddith at the Battle of Las Novas de Tolosa. | |
1215 | : 612 AH |
Genghiz Khan captures northern China; learns the use of gunpowder from the Chinese. | |
1218 | : 615 AH |
The Fifth Crusade is directed against Egypt. The Egyptians open the Nile docks and drown the invaders. | |
1219 | : 616 AH |
Genghiz Khan invades the territories of Shah Muhammed of Khorasan. | |
1220 | : 617 AH |
Genghiz Khan devastates Central Asia. | |
1221 | : 618 AH |
Genghiz Khan destroys Persia and Afghanistan. | |
Prince Jalaluddin faces the Khan at the Battle of the Indus. | |
1222 | : 619 AH |
Genghiz Khan returns to Mongolia. | |
1223 | : 620 AH |
Ibn al Athir, celebrated historian, passes away. | |
1227 | : 624 AH |
Death of Genghiz Khan. The Mongols continue their advance through West Asia and Eastern Europe. | |
1228 | : 625 AH |
The Sixth Crusade, directed at Egypt and led by Emperor Frederick II of Germany fails. | |
1230 | : 627 AH |
Sundiata starts consolidation of the Empire of Mali. | |
1235 | : 632 AH |
Baba Fareed of Lahore becomes heads of the Chistiya order in India. | |
1236 | : 633 AH |
Cordoba, capital of Muslim Spain, falls to the Crusaders. | |
Razia rules as Queen of India. | |
Death of Khwaja Moeenuddin Chishti of Ajmer, the most celebrated awliya of the subcontinent. | |
Al Mustansir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad. | |
1240 | : 637 AH |
Death of ibn al Arabi, renowned Sufi Shaykh. | |
Roger Bacon teaches in England. | |
1242 | : 639 AH |
Al Musta’sim becomes the 37th and the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. | |
1245 | : 643 AH |
At the Council of Lyons, Christian Europe resolves to seek an alliance with the Mongols against the Muslims. A Franciscan priest, John de Plano Carpini, arrives at the Mongol court to seek military assistance. | |
1248 | : 646 AH |
Seville in Spain falls to the Christians. | |
Ibn Ahmar starts the Nasirid dynasty in Granada. | |
1249 | : 647 AH |
The Seventh Crusade, directed at Egypt by the Franks, is beaten back. | |
1250 | : 648 AH |
Shajarat al Durr rules as Queen of Egypt. | |
1251 | : 649 AH |
Hulagu Khan becomes the Mongol lord of Persia and Central Asia. | |
1256 | : 654 AH |
Hulagu Khan destroys the Assassins. | |
1257 | : 655 AH |
Death of Shaykh Saadi, celebrated Farsi poet. | |
Nizamuddin Awliya becomes head of the Chishtiya order in Delhi. Islam spreads in India. | |
1258 | : 656 AH |
Hulagu Khan sacks Baghdad. End of the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad. The curtain falls on the classic Islamic civilization. Caliph al Musta’sim is killed. | |
Death of Ali al Shadhuli, founder of the Shadhuli Sufi order. | |
1260 | : 658 AH |
Kublai Khan ascends the throne of China. Many capable Muslims work at the court of the Great Khan. | |
Hulagu Khan storms Aleppo and massacres its inhabitants. | |
1261 | : 659 AH |
The Mamlukes of Egypt install Al Mustansir as the Abbasid Caliph in Cairo. | |
The Mamluke, Zahir Baybars of Egypt, defeats a combined army of Mongols, Armenians and Crusaders at the Battle of Ayn Jalut. | |
1265 | : 663 AH |
Death of Hulagu Khan. | |
1269 | : 667 AH |
The Merinide al Yakub captures Marrakesh. | |
1273 | : 671 AH |
Death of Jalaluddin Rumi, author of Mathnavi, the most celebrated of Farsi poets and founder of the Maulavi Sufi order. | |
1274 | : 672 AH |
Death of al Tusi, astronomer and inventor of the 2-axis gimbal. | |
Emir al Yaqub of the Merinides defeats the Christians at the Battle of Ecija. | |
1277 | : 676 AH |
Sultan Baybars defeats the Mongol armies at the Battle of Abulistan. | |
1278 | : 677 AH |
Death of Sultan Baybars. | |
1289 | : 688 AH |
The Mamlukes captures Acre, last Crusader stronghold in Syria. | |
1290 | : 689 AH |
Sultan Malik Shah rules in Sumatra. | |
1291 | : 690 AH |
Death of Shaykh Saadi, well known Farsi poet. | |
1294 | : 693 AH |
Marco Polo returns to Italy from journey to the East. | |
1295 | : 694 AH |
Ghazan the Great, the Il Khan Emperor, accepts Islam. | |
1300 | : 699 AH |
Alauddin Khilji consolidates his empire over the subcontinent. Malik Kafur advances into southern India. | |
1301 | : 700 AH |
Uthman Ghazi, founder of the Ottoman Empire, consolidates his holdings around Burs and Eskishehir; he defeats the Byzantines at the Battle of Yalakova. | |
The Mamlukes triumph over the Il Khans at the Battle of Marj as Suffar. | |
1307 | : 706 AH |
Mansa Musa becomes emperor of Mali. | |
1316 | : 716 AH |
Death of Alauddin Khilji, emperor of India. | |
1320 | : 720 AH |
The Khilji dynasty in India collapses. | |
Beginning of the Tughlaq dynasty. | |
1324 | : 724 AH |
Mansa Musa performs his hajj with an entourage of 12000. | |
1325 | : 725 AH |
Death of Nizamuddin Awliya of Delhi. | |
Ibn Batuta begins his journey around the world. | |
Death of Amir Khusroe ,famed Sufi poet of India | |
1326 | : 726 AH |
Death of Uthman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire. His successor Sultan Orkhan captures Bursa. | |
Death of ibn Taymiyah, noted scholar, considered to be the founder of the “salafi” school of thought. | |
1333 | : 733 AH |
Yusuf I becomes emir of Granada, breaks with Castille, forms an alliance with the sultan of Morocco and makes a last attempt to capture Spain from the Christians. | |
1334 | : 734 AH |
Ibn Batuta arrives in Delhi. | |
Death of Shaykh Safiuddin Ishaq, after whom the Safavid dynasty of Persia is named. | |
1335 | : 735 AH |
Death of Abu Said, Il Khanid Prince. | |
1340 | : 740 AH |
The Yuan Emperor Toghon Timur of China sends an embassy to the court of Muhammed bin Tughlaq of India. | |
The Merinide navy defeats the Spaniards at the Battle of Tarifa. | |
1341 | : 742 AH |
Death of Sultan ibn Qalawun of Egypt. | |
1345 | : 746 AH |
Ibn Batuta visits Sultan Malik al Zahir of Pasai Indonesia. | |
1346 | : 747 AH |
The Black Plague devastates Europe. | |
1351 | : 752 AH |
Death of Muhammed bin Tughlaq of India. The Tughlaq Empire begins to disintegrate. | |
1354 | : 755 AH |
Ibn Batuta visits the Empire of Mali. | |
The Ottomans capture Gallipoli and Ankara. | |
1355 | : 756 AH |
Ibn Batuta returns to Tangier. The Merinide Sultan Abu Inan authorizes the writing of the Rehla of Ibn Batuta. | |
The Genoese briefly occupy Tripoli, Libya. | |
1357 | : 758 AH |
The Ottomans capture Erdirne. | |
1368 | : 769 AH |
Timurlane, elected the leader of the Tatars, consolidates his hold on the valley of Farghana in Uzbekistan. | |
1369 | : 770 AH |
Death of ibn Batuta. | |
1375 | : 777 AH |
Dimitrius, Count of Moscow, wins a victory over the Tatar Golden Horde. | |
1376 | : 778 AH |
The Golden Horde burns down Moscow. | |
1380 | : 782 AH |
Timurlane begins his first campaign in Persia. | |
Shaykh Awliya Karim al Maqdum introduces Islam into Mindanao, the Philippines. | |
Kara Muhammed, leader of the Turkish tribe Kara Kuyunlu, establishes his kingdom near Mosul. | |
1381 | : 783 AH |
The Ottomans capture Bulgaria. | |
1385 | : 787 AH |
The Ottomans capture Thrace. | |
1387 | : 789 AH |
Timurlane invades Russia and destroys the power of the Golden Horde. Russia begins its long march towards political consolidation. | |
1389 | : 791 AH |
Bayazid I becomes the Ottoman sultan, defeats the Serbs at the Battle of Kosova. | |
Death of Hafiz, one of the greatest of Farsi poets. | |
Death of Bahauddin Naqshband, founder of the Naqshbandi Sufi tareeqa of Bukhara. | |
1390 | : 792 AH |
A combined French and Genoese force attacks Mahdiya, Tunisia. | |
1391 | : 793 AH |
Bayazid I attacks Constantinople. | |
1396 | : 798 AH |
Bayazid defeats the Crusader armies at the Battle of Nicopolis. | |
1398 | : 800 AH |
Timur sacks Isfahan, Persia. | |
1399 | : 801 AH |
Timur invades India, sacks Delhi, India. | |
Castille sacks Tetuan, Morocco. | |
1400 | : 802 AH |
Bayazid I lays siege to Constantinople. | |
1401 | : 803 AH |
Timur defeats the Mamlukes of Egypt. | |
Damascus surrenders to the Tatars. | |
Timur sacks Baghdad. | |
1402 | : 804 AH |
Timur defeats Bayazid I at the Battle of Ankara. | |
Sulaiman I becomes the Ottoman sultan. | |
Sultan Iskander Shah expels the Thais from Malaya. | |
1404 | : 806 AH |
Timur embarks on an expedition to China. | |
1405 | : 807 AH |
Timurlane dies en route to China; his son Shah Rukh succeeds him. | |
1406 | : 809 AH |
Sultan Sikander Shah of Malaysia accepts Islam. | |
The great Chinese Admiral Zheng Yi (commonly known as Admiral Ho), a Muslim, sails to Malaya, Indonesia, India, Persia, Yemen, East Africa and the Cape of Good Hope with a fleet of 50 great ships. | |
Death of ibn Khaldun, author of Muqaddamah. | |
1409 | : 812 AH |
Shah Rukh, heir to Timurlane, occupies Samarqand. | |
1410 | : 813 AH |
Kara Yusuf establishes the Kara Kuyunlu kingdom around Tabriz, Persia. | |
Death of Gaysu Daraz, Sufi shaykh of the Deccan, India. | |
1411 | : 814 AH |
Sultan Iskander Shah of Malaya visits China at the invitation of the Chinese Emperor. | |
Prince Mehmet begins the reconsolidation of the Ottoman Empire after the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Ankara. | |
1415 | : 818 AH |
The Portuguese capture Ceuta in Morocco. | |
1420 | : 823 AH |
Shah Rukh consolidates his hold on Persia. | |
1421 | : 824 AH |
Murad II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1422 | : 825 AH |
Murad II lays unsuccessful siege to Constantinople. | |
1424 | : 827 AH |
Death of Sultan Iskander Shah of Malaya. | |
1425 | : 828 AH |
Tangier in Morocco, captured by the Portuguese. | |
1430 | : 833 AH |
The Portuguese acquire the technology to sail against the wind from the Venetians. | |
1432 | : 835 AH |
Portuguese captain Diaz sails around Cape Bajador in West Africa. | |
1434 | : 837 AH |
Death of Shah Rukh. Persia disintegrates. The Kara Kuyunlu and Aq Kuyunlu expand their territories. | |
1441 | : 845 AH |
First slave raid by the Portuguese in southern Morocco directed against Muslims. | |
1443 | : 847 AH |
The Portuguese capture the island of Tristao off the coast of West Africa, later to gain notoriety in the Atlantic slave trade. | |
1444 | : 848 AH |
Ottomans armies march into Hungary. | |
Murad II defeats combined armies of Hungary, Wallachia and Venice at the Battle of Varna. | |
The Portuguese Lagos Company chartered under Prince Henry. | |
1445 | : 849 AH |
Printing is introduced into Europe. Portuguese sailor Diaz sails around West Africa. | |
1451 | : 855 AH |
Mehmet II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Shaykh Rahmat converts the Majapahit ruler (Indonesia) Raja Kertawijaya to Islam. | |
Islam spreads rapidly in Java. | |
1453 | : 857 AH |
Mehmet II conquerors Constantinople, renames it Istanbul and makes it the capital of the Ottoman Empire. | |
1455 | : 859 AH |
The Venetians sail to the delta of the Gambia River. | |
1456 | : 860 AH |
Mehmet II captures Athens, Greece. | |
The Portuguese arrive at the mouth of the Gambia River. | |
1458 | : 862 AH |
The Portuguese occupy the fortress of al Qasr, Morocco. | |
1460 | : 864 AH |
King Alfonso of Portugal authorizes Fernao Gomes to explore the western coast of Africa. | |
1461 | : 865 AH |
Leonardo da Vinci begins his work in Venice. | |
1463 | : 867 AH |
Mehmet II conquers Bosnia. Mosque of Sultan Mehmet II constructed in Istanbul. | |
1465 | : 869 AH |
Death of al Jazuli, Sufi Shaykh in Morocco. | |
1467 | : 871 AH |
Herzegovina conquered by Mehmet II. | |
Uzun Hassan, leader of Aq Quyunlu defeats Jehan Shah, leader of the Kara Quyunlu. Jehan Shah dies in battle. | |
1471 | : 876 AH |
Tangiers occupied by Portugal. | |
Portugal occupies Arzila on the West coast of Morocco. | |
1473 | : 878 AH |
Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II defeats the Aq Kuyunlu Sultan Uzun Hassan. Portuguese captain Sequira sails to Benin, Nigeria. | |
1474 | : 879 AH |
Commercial town of Kedah, in Indonesia, becomes Muslim. | |
1475 | : 880 AH |
War between Spain and Portugal over rights to the Canary Islands. | |
1478 | : 883 AH |
Kara Quli, a descendant of Jehan Shah, flees to India and establishes the Qutubshahi dynasty near Hyderabad. | |
Death of Uzun Hassan, Aq Quyunlu Sultan. | |
Turmoil in western Persia. | |
1479 | : 884 AH |
Consolidation of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella. | |
1480 | : 885 AH |
The Ottomans capture the island of Rhodes. | |
1481 | : 886 AH |
Bayazid II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1482 | : 887 AH |
Ferdinand of Spain attacks al Hama. | |
1483 | : 888 AH |
Civil wars in Granada. | |
Ferdinand captures Malaga, Spain. | |
1484 | : 889 AH |
The Portuguese appear at the delta of the Congo River. | |
1487 | : 892 AH |
Portuguese sailor Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope. | |
1488 | : 893 AH |
Malaga, one of the last Nasirid strongholds, falls to Castille. | |
1489 | : 894 AH |
Adil Shah becomes Sultan of Bijapur, India | |
1490 | : 895 AH |
Ferdinand lays siege to Granada, called Santa Fe (Holy Faith). | |
1492 | : 897 AH |
Columbus discovers America. | |
Granada falls to the Christians. | |
Beginning of the Spanish Inquisition. | |
The Jews are expelled from Spain. | |
Sultan Bayazid II takes Hungary. | |
Lodhi Sultanate established in Delhi. | |
Death of Abdur Rahman Jami, well known Farsi poet. | |
1493 | : 898 AH |
Abu Abdallah, commonly known as Boabdil, last emir of Granada, leaves Spain. | |
Askiya Muhammed becomes Emperor of Songhay. | |
1494 | : 899 AH |
At the Treaty of Tordesillas arranged by Pope Alexander VI, Portugal and Spain agree to divide up the world for conquest. | |
1495 | : 900 AH |
Shaykh Putah introduces Islam into the Celebes islands and western New Guinea. | |
1496 | : 901 AH |
Vasco da Gama, sails around the Cape of Good Hope and with the help of Muslim navigator Ahmed ibn Majid, discovers route to Malabar, India. | |
1497 | : 902 AH |
Zahiruddin Babur loses Samarqand. | |
Askiya Muhammed moves the capital of Songhay to Gao on the Niger River. | |
1499 | : 904 AH |
Ottoman navy defeats the Venetians, takes Lepanto, off the coast of Greece. | |
1500 | : 905 AH |
Muslims in Granada resist the Spanish Inquisition. | |
Spain institutes forced slavery in Cuba. | |
1501 | : 906 AH |
Shah Ismail I, with the help of the Safaviyya Sufi order, establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia. | |
The Uzbek Shaibani Khan evicts Zahiruddin Babur from Samarqand. | |
1502 | : 907 AH |
Second voyage of Vasco da Gama to the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese bombard the city-states of East Africa, destroy the port city of Cochin, India and force the Raja of Cochin to expel Muslim traders. | |
The Portuguese capture Shofala, East Africa. | |
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa. | |
Inquisition against the Muslims in Spain. | |
1504 | : 910 AH |
Babur takes Kabul, Afghanistan. | |
Death of al Maghili, influential thinker from North Africa. | |
1505 | : 911 AH |
Spain occupies Mars al Kabir, Algeria. | |
The Portuguese occupy Agadir Morocco and build the fort of Santa Cruz. | |
Portuguese captain Almeida raids Kilwa, Tanzania. | |
1507 | : 913 AH |
The Portuguese occupy Safi, Morocco. | |
The Portuguese occupy Bab el Mandap at the entrance to the Red Sea. | |
1508 | : 914 AH |
A Mamluke fleet defeats the Portuguese off the coast of Chaul near modern Karachi. | |
Spain occupies Oran, Algeria. | |
1509 | : 915 AH |
The Mamlukes defeat the Portuguese navy off the coast of Yemen. | |
Shah Ismail I defeats the Uzbek Shaibani Khan at the Battle of Merv. | |
Spain occupies Bogie, Tunisia. | |
The first batch of slaves bought in Lisbon for transportation to America. | |
1511 | : 917 AH |
The Portuguese take Goa, India, and make it the capital of their operations in the Indian Ocean. | |
The Inquisition is instituted against Hindus and Muslim in India. | |
Spain destroys Tripoli, Libya. | |
The Ottomans crush a Qazilbash uprising in eastern Anatolia at the Battle of Sivas. | |
1512 | : 918 AH |
Selim I becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
The Portuguese capture the Straits of Malacca. | |
Tlemcen in North Africa becomes a protectorate of Spain. | |
The Uzbeks defeat the Safavids at the Battle of Khuzduvan and take Khorasan. | |
1514 | : 920 AH |
Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats Shah Ismail I at the Battle of Chaldiran. | |
1515 | : 921 AH |
The Portuguese capture the Straits of Hormuz in Persia. | |
The Portuguese control the entire Atlantic coastline of Morocco. | |
First shipload of sugar from Cuba arrives in Spain. | |
1516 | : 922 AH |
The Portuguese occupy Bahrain and Oman. | |
The Ottomans capture Mosul. | |
Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamlukes at the Battle of Marj Dabik in Syria. | |
1517 | : 923 AH |
Selim I occupies Cairo. | |
Egypt becomes a province of the Ottoman Empire. | |
The Caliphate moves to Istanbul. | |
Selim I becomes the first Ottoman Caliph of Islam. | |
Muhammed al Mahdi becomes Sa’adid Sultan of Morocco. | |
Martin Luther begins Protestant reformation in Germany. | |
The Portuguese capture Colombo, Sri Lanka. | |
The King of Spain grants license to import African slaves into America. | |
Ibrahim Lodhi becomes Sultan of Delhi. | |
1519 | : 925 AH |
Death of Leonardo da Vinci. | |
Mexican silver flows into Europe. | |
1520 | : 926 AH |
Sulaiman the Magnificent becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1521 | : 927 AH |
Sulaiman captures Belgrade. | |
Cortez destroys the Aztec Empire of Mexico. | |
1522 | : 928 AH |
Sulaiman captures Rhodes. Spain captures Central America. | |
1525 | : 931 AH |
Death of Safavid Shah Ismail I. | |
Tahmasp I becomes Safavid ruler of Persia. | |
Babur takes Lahore, Pakistan. | |
Sulaiman the Magnificent orders a reorganization of the Ottoman fleet to challenge the Spaniards and the Portuguese. | |
1526 | : 932 AH |
Babur captures Delhi; the Moghul dynasty is born. Sulaiman the Magnificent defeats the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohacs. | |
1527 | : 933 AH |
Babur defeats Rajput armies at the Battle of Khanua. | |
1528 | : 934 AH |
Sultan Sulaiman captures the city of Buda in Hungary. | |
Askiya Muhammed becomes blind and is deposed as the Emperor of Songhay. | |
1529 | : 935 AH |
Sultan Sulaiman lays siege to Vienna, Austria. | |
1530 | : 936 AH |
Death of Zahiruddin Babur. His son Humayun ascends the Moghul throne in Delhi. | |
The Englishman William Hawkins raids the Ivory Coast. | |
1534 | : 940 AH |
Khairuddin, admiral of the Ottoman fleets, recaptures Tunis. | |
Henry VIII takes the Church of England out of the orbit of Rome. | |
1535 | : 941 AH |
Sulaiman Pasha, Ottoman governor of Egypt, drives the Portuguese from Yemen. | |
The English Parliament passes laws against loitering in London. | |
John Calvin preaches the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland. | |
Stock Exchange is established in London. | |
1536 | : 943 AH |
Khairuddin raids Valencia, Spain. | |
1537 | : 944 AH |
Khairuddin captures Otranto, Italy and threatens Rome. | |
1538 | : 945 AH |
Khairuddin victorious over combined navies of Venice and the Vatican at the Battle of Prevesa. | |
1540 | : 947 AH |
Spain colonizes the Philippines. | |
Destruction of religious relics in England. Beginning of the end of feudalism in England. | |
Sher Shah Suri defeats Moghul Emperor Humayun and displaces him from the throne of Delhi until 1555. | |
1541 | : 948 AH |
Charles V of Spain strikes at the Algerian coast. | |
Ottoman Admiral Khairuddin takes Otranto, Italy. | |
Muhammed al Saadi drives the Portuguese from the fort of Santa Cruz in Morocco. | |
1542 | : 949 AH |
Increasing tribal warfare in West Africa. | |
1546 | : 953 AH |
Death of Khairuddin. Piri Rais becomes admiral of Ottoman navies. | |
1550 | : 957 AH |
Kingdom of Acheh in Indonesia is founded. Islam spreads in the Archipelago. | |
1551 | : 958 AH |
The Ottomans reclaim Tripoli. | |
Piri Rais challenges the Portuguese blockage of the Straits of Hormuz. | |
1553 | : 960 AH |
Thomas Wyndham of England raids the coast of West Africa. | |
1554 | : 961 AH |
John Lock of England raids the Ivory Coast. | |
1557 | : 964 AH |
The Ottomans occupy Masawa, Eritrea. | |
1558 | : 965 AH |
Akbar becomes Moghul Emperor of India. | |
1560 | : 967 AH |
Akbar adds Malwa, Chitoor, Rathambur, Gujrat and Bengal to the Moghul Empire (1560-1574). | |
Abul Fazal and Faizi, well known writers, grace the Moghul court. | |
Akbar surrounds himself with the “seven gems”; men of outstanding capabilities, including the musician Tan Sen and the Finance Minister Raja Todar Mal. | |
1561 | : 968 AH |
Piri Rais prepares an accurate map of the Atlantic seaboard. | |
The Ottomans destroy a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Djerba. | |
1562 | : 969 AH |
Akbar marries Jodha Bai, princess of Amber, Rajasthan. | |
1563 | : 970 AH |
First English fortifications off the coasts of New Guinea. | |
1564 | : 971 AH |
Spain occupies the Philippines. | |
1565 | : 972 AH |
Battle of Telekote, India. The combined forces of Bijapur, Golkunda, Bidar and Gulbarga defeat the armies of Vijayanagar in southern India. | |
Piri Rais undertakes unsuccessful siege of Malta. | |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, captures Gujrat. | |
John Hawkins of England conducts slave raids on Sierra Leone. | |
Sulaiman the Magnificent passes away | |
1566 | : 973 AH |
Muslims in Spain rebel against forced conversion to Catholicism. | |
1571 | : 979 AH |
Battle of Lepanto. Combined navies of Spain, Venice, Austria and the Vatican defeat the Ottoman navy and occupy Tunis. Ottoman naval advance into the western Mediterranean is halted. | |
1572 | : 980 AH |
The Ottomans reclaim Tunis. | |
The Dutch gain their independence from Spain. | |
1573 | : 981 AH |
The Moghul Emperor Akbar authorizes the construction of four large temples in Mathura. | |
1576 | : 984 AH |
The Ottomans advance through Algeria and take the city of Fez in Morocco. | |
1578 | : 986 AH |
Battle of Al Qasr al Kabir. The Sa’adid Sultan Ahmed al Mansur crushes the Portuguese army. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed. Morocco remains independent. Ottoman westward advance is halted. | |
1579 | : 987 AH |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, completes the construction of a new city, Fatehpur Sikri. He starts ecumenical discussions with all religious faiths in the Ibadat Khana. | |
1580 | : 988 AH |
Ottoman Admiral Ali Beg raids Portuguese positions in East Africa. | |
Skirmishes between the Empire of Songhay and the Sa’adids of Morocco over the salt mines of Taodini. | |
Portugal becomes a protectorate of Spain. | |
1581 | : 989 AH |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, moves to Lahore, and adds Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan and southern Afghanistan to his empire. | |
Akbar completes the construction of a Jami Masjid in Peshawar. | |
Queen Elizabeth I sends Harborne as ambassador to Istanbul to seek trade relations with the Ottomans. | |
1585 | : 993 AH |
War between the Safavids and the Ottomans for control of Iraq and Azerbaijan. | |
1587 | : 995 AH |
Pope Sixtus V authorizes a Catholic crusade against England. | |
The English defeat the Scots. Consolidation of Britain under the English throne. | |
1588 | : 996 AH |
Shah Abbas becomes Safavid emperor of Persia. | |
The Spanish armada is destroyed off the coast of England. | |
Death of Sinan, architect of Sulaimaniye and Shehzade mosques in Turkey. | |
1590 | : 998 AH |
William Shakespeare writes in England. | |
1591 | : 999 AH |
The Bohras emerge as a sub-branch of the Fatimids. | |
1592 | : 1000 AH |
The Sa’adids of Morocco invade the Songhay Empire. A strong force under Judar Pasha destroys Timbaktu. | |
1596 | : 1004 AH |
Akbar captures Ahmednagar in the Deccan, India. | |
1598 | : 1006 AH |
A second Spanish attempt to conquer England ends in failure. | |
1600 | : 1008 AH |
Dutch ascendancy in the Atlantic. The Atlantic slave trade gathers momentum. | |
The British East India Company is granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth I. | |
1602 | : 1010 AH |
Shah Abbas drives the Portuguese from Bahrain. | |
The Dutch East India Company is formed. | |
1603 | : 1012 AH |
Death of Queen Elizabeth I. | |
1605 | : 1014 AH |
Death of Moghul Emperor Akbar. | |
1609 | : 1018 AH |
Final expulsion of Muslims from Spain. | |
1615 | : 1024 AH |
The Dutch capture the Straits of Malacca from the Portuguese. | |
Thomas Roe arrives in India as British ambassador to the Moghul court. | |
Galileo is tried by the Church for his view that the earth is not the center of the universe. | |
1619 | : 1028 AH |
The Dutch East India Company obtains trading rights on the island of Java. | |
Thomas Roe obtains a farman from the Great Moghul Jehangir granting Britain trading rights in India. | |
1620 | : 1029 AH |
Sufi doctrines spread to East Asia. | |
The Pilgrims land at Port Plymouth, Massachusetts. | |
1622 | : 1031 AH |
Shah Abbas I, with the help of the British navy, expels the Portuguese from the Straits of Hormuz. The British obtain trading rights in Persia. | |
1623 | : 1032 AH |
Murad IV becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1624 | : 1033 AH |
Death of Shaykh Ahmed Sirhindi, referred to as Mujaddid alf e Thani (Reformer of the Second Millennium). He expounded the doctrine of Wahdat as Shahada. | |
1626 | : 1035 AH |
The Dutch establish themselves in New Amsterdam (New York). | |
1627 | : 1036 AH |
Shah Jehan, Moghul Emperor of India. | |
1630 | : 1039 AH |
Death of German Astronomer Johann Kepler. | |
1635 | : 1045 AH |
Death of Mian Pir of Lahore, teacher of Dara Shikoh, son of Shah Jehan. | |
Emperor Shah Jehan expels the Portuguese from Bengal. | |
1638 | : 1048 AH |
Shah Jehan builds a new capital at Delhi. Construction of the Jami Masjid in Delhi. | |
1639 | : 1049 AH |
The British East India Company establishes a factory at Madras. | |
1640 | : 1050 AH |
Armed rivalry between Britain, France and the Dutch for control of the slave trade. | |
Portugal gains its independence from Spain. | |
The Dutch capture Sri Lanka. | |
The British East India Company establishes a factory at Calcutta. | |
1641 | : 1051 AH |
Sultana Tajul Alam Safiyyiatuddin rules as Queen of Acheh. She is the first of four queens to rule over the northern part of Sumatra. | |
The Dutch capture Cochin on the West coast of India. | |
1642 | : 1052 AH |
The Dutch establish a colony at Masulipatam on the East coast of India. | |
1643 | : 1053 AH |
War between Venice and the Ottomans for control of Crete. | |
1648 | : 1058 AH |
Shah Jehan completes the Taj Mahal, the most celebrated monument to love, for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. | |
The Portuguese recapture Brazil from the Dutch. | |
1655 | : 1065 AH |
The Kurpulu brothers Mehmet Pasha and Fazil Ahmed revitalize the Ottoman administration (1655-1676). | |
1658 | : 1068 AH |
Aurangzeb becomes the Moghul Emperor. | |
1659 | : 1069 AH |
End of the Sa’adid dynasty in Morocco. | |
1660 | : 1070 AH |
Isaac Newton revolutionizes physics. | |
1664 | : 1074 AH |
The British seize New Amsterdam, rename it New York. | |
The Battle of St. Gotthard between the Ottomans and the European “Holy League” ends in a stalemate. | |
1666 | : 1076 AH |
The Qur’an is translated into the Malay language. | |
1668 | : 1079 AH |
King Charles II of England sells Bombay to the East India Company. | |
1676 | : 1087 AH |
Kara Mustafa Pasha becomes grand vizier in Istanbul. | |
1677 | : 1088 AH |
War between Russia and the Ottomans over access to the Black Sea. | |
1683 | : 1094 AH |
The second siege of Vienna ends in failure. The Ottomans lose Hungary. | |
1686 | : 1097 AH |
The Hapsburgs advance through Hungary towards Belgrade. | |
The British make an attempt to capture the port of Chittagong in India and are beaten back by Moghul forces. | |
1687 | : 1098 AH |
The Ottomans are defeated at the second Battle of Mohacs. | |
1694 | : 1105 AH |
The Bank of England advances a perpetual loan of 1.2 million pounds to the British Crown in return for the privilege of putting its own notes into circulation. | |
1696 | : 1107 AH |
Peter of Russia captures the strategic fortress of Azov from the Ottomans. | |
The Sultan of Oman recaptures Fort Jesus of Mombasa from the Portuguese. | |
1707 | : 1119 AH |
Death of Aurangzeb. The Moghul Empire begins to disintegrate. | |
1708 | : 1120 AH |
The assassination of Guru Gobind Singh sets off Sikh revolts against Moghul rule in India. | |
1713 | : 1125 AH |
The British displace the Dutch as the most powerful force in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. | |
1722 | : 1134 AH |
Tahmasp II, last Safavid ruler of Persia ascends the Persian throne. | |
Nizam ul Mulk is appointed the Subedar of Hyderabad. | |
1736 | : 1149 AH |
Nadir Shah becomes Emperor of Persia, displaces the Safavid Tahmasp II. | |
1739 | : 1152 AH |
Nadir Shah of Persia invades India, sacks Delhi, and carries off the Peacock Throne. | |
1740 | : 1153 AH |
Shaykh ibn Abdul Wahhab starts his movement in Najd, Arabia. | |
1741 | : 1154 AH |
Ahmed ibn Said becomes Sultan of Oman and Zanzibar and attempts to build a strong navy. | |
1746 | : 1159 AH |
Muhammed ibn Saud establishes the Saudi dynasty near Riyadh. | |
1754 | : 1167 AH |
The French General Dupleix leaves India. France loses the contest for control of Indian trade to the British. | |
1756 | : 1169 AH |
Anglo-French wars in India and America (1756-63). The British are victorious over the French. | |
1757 | : 1170 AH |
The Battle of Plassey. The British gain control of Bengal, India. | |
1758 | : 1171 AH |
The Industrial Revolution in England gains momentum, fueled by the loot from Bengal. | |
The Marathas occupy Lahore; oust Timur, son of Nadir Shah of Kabul. | |
1761 | : 1174 AH |
Third Battle of Panipat near Delhi. The Afghans under Ahmed Shah Abdali defeat Maratha armies. | |
1762 | : 1175 AH |
Death of Shah Waliullah of Delhi, leading reformer. | |
1763 | : 1176 AH |
The Treaty of Paris. The French give up their interests in India and America. | |
1764 | : 1177 AH |
The British starve the Begums of Oudh, India, to surrender their jewels. | |
Battle of Buxor. The British defeat the combined armies of Oudh, Bengal and Delhi. | |
1765 | : 1178 AH |
The British wage a brutal campaign against the Afghans of Rohilla in India. | |
1767 | : 1181 AH |
The First Mysore War (1767-68). Tippu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali force the British to sue for peace. | |
1772 | : 1186 AH |
The British Parliament abolishes the slave trade. | |
1776 | : 1190 AH |
The Colonies declare independence in America. The American War of Independence (1776-83) follows. | |
1780 | : 1194 AH |
The Second Mysore War. Tippu Sultan defeats the British at the Battle of Pollipur. | |
1781 | : 1195 AH |
George Washington defeats General Cornwallis at the Battle of Saratoga. Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown, retires to England, is hired by the East India Company, and is sent to battle Tippu Sultan of Mysore. | |
1787 | : 1201 AH) |
Death of Shaykh ibn Abdul Wahhab of Arabia. | |
1789 | : 1203 AH |
The Third Mysore War (1789-91). Cornwallis forces Tippu Sultan to cede half of his Territory; takes Tippu’s children as hostage. | |
Beginning of the French Revolution. | |
1793 | : 1207 AH |
The British Permanent Settlement Act imposes feudal landlords upon Bengal. | |
1798 | : 1213 AH |
Napoleon lands in Egypt and is victorious at the Battle of the Pyramids. | |
The British capture Colombo from the Dutch. | |
1799 | : 1214 AH |
Napoleon corresponds with Tippu Sultan of Mysore and the Sultan of Oman about an invasion of India. | |
Tippu Sultan falls at the Battle of Srirangapatam. | |
Napoleon is defeated by Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar and is forced to withdraw from Egypt. | |
1801 | : 1216 AH |
The Wahhabis raid Karbala. Wahhabi movement spreads to Iraq. The Wahhabis raid the Hejaz. | |
1803 | : 1218 AH |
Muhammed Ali becomes the Ottoman governor of Egypt; starts a long series of reforms. | |
The Marathas in Poona, India, sue for peace with the British. | |
Denmark abolishes the slave trade. | |
Emir Abdul Aziz of Najd captures Mecca. | |
1805 | : 1220 AH |
Muhammed Ali becomes the Pasha of Egypt. | |
1806 | : 1221 AH |
British armies enter Delhi. | |
1807 | : 1222 AH |
Uthman dan Fuduye establishes the Sokoto Caliphate. | |
Muhammed Ali Pasha beats back a British attempt to seize Alexandria, Egypt. | |
1808 | : 1223 AH |
The United States abolishes the slave trade. | |
1812 | : 1227 AH |
Muhammed Ali of Egypt recaptures Mecca and Hejaz from the Wahhabis (1812-15). | |
1817 | : 1232 AH |
Death of Uthman dan Fuduye, mujahid in West Africa. | |
Muhammed Bello becomes Caliph of the Sokoto Empire. | |
1818 | : 1233 AH |
Holland abolishes the slave trade. | |
1821 | : 1236 AH |
Greek war against the Ottomans. | |
1827 | : 1242 AH |
Naval Battle of Navarino pits European axis against the Ottomans. | |
Shaykh Ahmed Lobo establishes the kingdom of Lobo in West Africa. | |
1828 | : 1243 AH |
War between Russia and the Ottomans over control of the Black Sea. Russia advances into Anatolia. | |
1830 | : 1246 AH |
Greece breaks off from the Ottoman Empire. | |
France occupies Algiers. | |
1834 | : 1250 AH |
Beginning of Muslim resistance to the Russians in Daghestan, Crimea and the Caucasus. | |
1835 | : 1251 AH |
The Ottomans defeat the French at Malta. | |
The British replace Persian with English in the higher courts in India. | |
1837 | : 1253 AH |
Sanusiya Sufi brotherhood is founded in North Africa. | |
1838 | : 1254 AH |
British invasion of Afghanistan ends in failure. | |
1839 | : 1255 AH |
Abdul Mecit I becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Beginning of Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire. | |
1840 | : 1256 AH |
France starts colonization of Algeria. | |
1846 | : 1262 AH |
The Bank Act of 1846 in England confers legal recognition on the negotiability of credit documents. | |
1848 | : 1264 AH |
Nasiruddin Shah ascends the throne of Persia. | |
1850 | : 1266 AH |
The Bahai schism starts in Persia. | |
1851 | : 1267 AH |
The British build a railroad linking Alexandria with Suez (1851-54). | |
1853 | : 1269 AH |
The Tijaniya Sufi brotherhood is established in West Africa. | |
Beginning of the Crimean War. Britain and France support the Ottomans against Russia. | |
1854 | : 1270 AH |
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt grants a concession to French Engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps to build the Suez Canal. Egypt borrows funds from international bankers to complete the canal. | |
The Ottomans take their first loan from international bankers. | |
1856 | : 1272 AH |
End of the Crimean war between Russia and the Ottomans. | |
1857 | : 1273 AH |
The Sepoy Uprising in India. After initial successes, the Uprising is crushed by the British. End of Moghul rule. The British exile the last Moghul Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to Rangoon, Burma. | |
1858 | : 1274 AH |
The Russians capture Imam Shamil, Naqshbandi Imam in Daghestan. End of Muslim resistance in Chechnya and Daghestan. | |
1859 | : 1275 AH |
Death of Muhammed al Sanusi, Reformer, Sufi Shaykh of Libya. | |
1860 | : 1276 AH |
Alhajj Omar resists French colonization in Sene-Gambia. | |
1861 | : 1277 AH |
American Civil War (1861-65). The price of Egyptian cotton soars in world markets. | |
1863 | : 1280 AH |
Abraham Lincoln proclaims the abolition of slavery. | |
1869 | : 1286 AH |
The Suez Canal opens with much fanfare. | |
The price of Egyptian cotton drops precipitously. Egyptian public debt mounts. | |
Tunisia falters on debt payments to European bankers. The International Debt Commission for Tunisia assumes control over Tunisian finances. | |
1871 | : 1288 AH |
A unified Germany emerges as the most powerful continental power in Europe. | |
1873 | : 1290 AH |
The Dutch capture the Kingdom of Acheh in Sumatra. Beginning of Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. | |
1874 | : 1291 AH |
Syed Ahmed Khan founds the Aligarh College in India. | |
1875 | : 1292 AH |
Egypt sells off its share in the Suez Canal Company to the British to partially offset its debts. | |
1876 | : 1293 AH |
Abdul Hamid II becomes the Ottoman Sultan and Caliph. He starts consolidation of ties with Muslim peoples worldwide. | |
Egypt falters on debt payments. Britain and France appoint a Commission on Egyptian Public Debt with the power to confiscate revenues. | |
1877 | : 1294 AH |
Russia invades the Ottoman Empire (1877-78). Russian troops advance to within ten miles of Istanbul and dictate capitulation terms to the Turks at the Treaty of San Stefano. | |
1878 | : 1295 AH |
Egypt is forced by Britain and France to accept international control over her finances. | |
Treaty of Berlin results in effective dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. | |
Britain occupies Cyprus. | |
1879 | : 1296 AH |
Britain and France force Khedive Ismail Pasha of Egypt to abdicate in favor of his son Tawfiq Pasha. Sultan Abdul Hamid acquiesces in the abdication. | |
1880 | : 1297 AH |
The French, in violation of the Treaty of Berlin, occupy Tunisia and declare it a “protectorate”. | |
1881 | : 1298 AH |
Egyptian nationalists under Ahmed Torabi Pasha stage protests against foreign control. | |
1882 | : 1299 AH |
The British bombard Alexandria into submission, defeat the Egyptians at the Battle of Tel el Kabir and occupy Cairo. | |
The Mahdi seizes Khartoum and establishes a Caliphate in the Sudan. | |
1885 | : 1302 AH |
The British storm Khartoum. Death of al Mahdi of the Sudan. | |
An Englishman, Allan Hume, founds the Indian National Congress. | |
1888 | : 1305 AH |
Ghulam Mirza Ahmed starts the Ahmadiya schism in Punjab, India. The movement draws strong opposition from the ulema. | |
1891 | : 1308 AH |
The Tobacco Concession touches off an uproar in Persia. Peaceful boycott of tobacco, under a fatwa from Hajji Mirza Hassan Shirazi, forces the Shah to rescind the Concession. | |
1896 | : 1314 AH |
Nasiruddin Shah of Persia is assassinated. | |
1901 | : 1319 AH |
Abdul Aziz ibn Saud captures Riyadh. | |
1906 | : 1324 AH |
All India Muslim League is founded. | |
1907 | : 1325 AH |
Death of Muzaffaruddin Shah of Persia. His son Muhammed Ali Mirza becomes the Shah. The first Majlis is elected in Persia. | |
The Young Turks Movement in Turkey gathers momentum. | |
1908 | : 1326 AH |
Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina. | |
Constitutional revolution in Persia. Muhammed Ali Shah of Persia is deposed. His young son Ahmed Mirza becomes the Shah. | |
1909 | : 1327 AH |
Sultan Abdul Hamid II is deposed by the Young Turks. | |
Mehmet V becomes the Sultan. | |
1911 | : 1329 AH |
The Sanusi brotherhood resists the Italian invasion of Libya. | |
1912 | : 1330 AH |
Muhammadiya movement is organized in Indonesia. | |
Egypt becomes a British protectorate. | |
1913 | : 1331 AH |
The Balkan war begins. Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria invade Ottoman territories. Albania becomes independent. The Ottomans are forced to withdraw from most of the Balkans. | |
1914 | : 1332 AH |
A Serb in Sarajevo murders Prince Francis Ferdinand of Austria. Austria declares war on Serbia. | |
Russia declares war on Austria. | |
Germany declares war on Russia. | |
France and England declare war on Germany. | |
The Triple Entente powers (Britain, France and Russia) declare war on the Ottomans. | |
Beginning of World War I. | |
1915 | : 1333 AH |
The Ottomans contain British advances in Iraq and beat back attempts to capture Baghdad and Istanbul. | |
1916 | : 1334 AH |
The British promise to set up a unified Arab state. | |
Sharif Hussain declares himself king of Hejaz, attacks Ottoman garrisons in Arabia. | |
Lawrence of Arabia, a British intelligence officer, works with the Arabs. | |
The Sykes-Picot agreement divides up the Ottoman territories between England, France, Russia, Greece and Italy. | |
1917 | : 1335 AH |
Anglo Indian troops under Allenby capture Baghdad and Jerusalem. | |
The Balfour Declaration promises to set up a Jewish homeland in Palestine. | |
The French take Beirut. | |
Germany releases the Bolshevik leader Lenin to pressure Russia to drop out of the War. | |
The United States enters the War. | |
The Russian army begins to collapse on the western front. The October Revolution brings the Bolsheviks to power. Russia pulls out of the War. | |
1918 | : 1336 AH |
Mehmet VI becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Damascus falls to British Forces. | |
Germany and the Ottoman Empire capitulate. End of World War I. | |
The Wafd movement starts in Egypt. | |
1919 | : 1337 AH |
The victorious allies partition the Ottoman Empire. | |
Greece invades Anatolia. | |
1920 | : 1338 AH |
French mandate over Syria. | |
British mandate over Iraq and Palestine. | |
The Greeks capture Alashehir, Bahkesir, Bandarma and Bursa. | |
The Turks stop the Greeks at the Battle of Ankara. | |
1921 | : 1339 AH |
The British appoint Abdullah, son of Sharif Hussain, as emir of Trans Jordan. | |
Faisal, another son of Hussain, is appointed emir of Iraq. | |
The Turks are victorious over the Greeks at the Battle of the Sakarya River. Greece retreats from Anatolia. | |
1922 | : 1340 AH |
Abdul Mecit II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Mustafa Kemal becomes President of the Republic of Turkey. | |
1924 | : 1342 AH |
The Turkish National Assembly abolishes the Caliphate | |
1927 | : 1345 AH |
Tablighi Jamaat reform movement founded in India | |
1928 | : 1346 AH |
Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Muslim Brothers) founded in Egypt | |
1941 | : 1360 AH |
Jamaat-i Islami reform movement founded in Lahore, India | |
1945 | : 1364 AH |
Indonesia becomes independent republic | |
Islam spreads to the West with mass migrations from Asia, Africa and India | |
1947 | : 1366 AH |
Pakistan founded as an Islamic nation. Islam becomes a minority religion in India | |
1957 | : 1376 AH |
Independent Malayan state established with Islam as the official religion but guaranteed tolerance | |
1960 | : 1379 AH |
Familes from SE Asia and North Africa emigrate to Europe and the Americas | |
1979 | : 1399 AH |
Shah of Iran is overthrown by Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni, who establishes strict fundamentalist rule of Shi'a principles | |
1990 | : 1410 AH |
Taliban come to power in Afghanistan | |
2001 | : 1422 AH |
Muslim extremists attack the United States | |
2003 | : 1424 AH |
Saddam Hussien ousted by Western forces | |
2,373 Islands : 5 Islands Countries : 2 US Territories
__________________________________________________________
1.Republic of Kiribati : Tarawa
2. Republic of Marshall Islands : Majuro
4. Federated States of Micronesia : Palikir
5. Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Island (US)
6. US Territory of Guam : Agana
7.Republic of Palau : Melekeok
--------------------------
1.Republic of Kiribati : Tarawa
a. In Micronesia
- Gilbert Islands : Tarawa
b. In Polynesia
- Phoenix Island
- & Line Island .......571
2. Republic of Marshall Islands : Majuro
- Ratak Chain of Islands
- & Ralik Chain of Island ....572
3. Republic of Nauru : Yaren ...573
4. Federated States of Micronesia : Palikir
( all Caroline Island except western tip)
4 States
a. Yap
b. Truk
c. Ponapean
d. Kosraen ....574
US Territories ( Mariana Island)
5. Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Island
6. US Territory of Guam : Agana .......575
7.Republic of Palau : Melekeok
( western end of Caroline Islands ) ......576
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South Tarawa, capital city of Republic of Kiribati
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flag of the Marshall IslandsNational anthem of the Marshall Islands
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Majuro Airport
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ISLAND COUNTRY, PACIFIC OCEAN
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REPUBLIC, PACIFIC OCEAN
flag of MicronesiaNational anthem of Micronesia
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5.Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)
ISLANDS, PACIFIC OCEAN
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ISLAND, PACIFIC OCEAN
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flag of PalauNational anthem of Palau
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2,373 Islands : 5 Islands Countries : 2 US Territories ...
______________________________________________________
MICRONESIA GROUP OF ISLANDS
2,373 islands , 1000 sq miles
- 5 Islands Countries
- 2 US Territories
--------------------------
1.Republic of Kiribati
a. In Micronesia
- Gilbert Islands : Tarawa
b. In Polynesia
- Phoenix Island
- & Line Island .......571
2. Republic of Marshall Islands : Majuro
- Ratak Chain of Islands
- & Ralik Chain of Island ....572
3. Republic of Nauru : Yaren ...573
4. Federated States of Micronesia : Palikir
( all Caroline Island except western tip)
4 States
a. Yap
b. Truk
c. Ponapean
d. Kosraen ....574
5.US Territories ( Mariana Island)
- Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Island )
- US Territory of Guam : Agana .......575
6.Republic of Palau : Melekeok
( western end of Caroline Islands ) ......576
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Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade.
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The Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano Rome, housing the tomb of Pope Innocent III
595 AH : 1199 CE : Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade.
Islam in the Marshall Islands
Ahmadiyya sect. According to a 2009 report there were about 10 Muslims in the Marshall Islands, although more recent reports indicate about 150 believers in the country.
Contents
History
Islam entered the country in the 1990s when Fijian missionaries were sent to the country by the Ahmadiyya movement. In 2001, the religion was officially recognized by the country and in 2012, the community built Marshall Islands first mosque, named Baitul Ahad, in the town of Uliga, in the east coast of the Majuro atoll. While Majuro has the only mosque in the Marshall Islands, Ahmadi Muslim communities exist in atolls around the country.
Modern community
Ahmadi Muslims have had a growing presence in the Marshall Islands for a number of years. However, it was not until 2012, when the Muslim community decided to construct Marshall Islands' only mosque, that it began to draw attention from religious and political figures. In light of unfavourable public opinion about Islam in general, the Muslim community's right to exist in an overwhelmingly Christian Marshall Islands, was questioned in a number of live broadcast sessions in the Marshallese parliament. This was despite Marshall Islands' constitution that guarantees religious freedom.[5]
The Ahmadi Muslims play an active role in the life of local Marshallese, by working with local youth groups, the Ministry of Health and through the international charitable trust, Humanity First.
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1 - 100 (623 - 719)
101 - 200 (720 - 816)
201- 300 (817 - 913)
301 - 400 (914 - 1010)
401 - 500 (1011 - 1107)
501 - 600 (1108 - 1204)
601 - 700 (1205 - 1301)
701 - 800 (1302 - 1398)
801 - 900 (1399 - 1495)
901 - 1000 (1496 - 1592)
1001 - 1100 (1593 - 1689)
1101 - 1200 (1690 - 1786)
1201 - 1300 (1787 - 1883)
1301 - 1400 (1884 - 1980)
1401 - 1500 (1981 - 2078)
570 | : 52 BH |
Birth of Prophet Muhammad at Mecca | |
610 | : 12 BH |
Revelation of the first versus of the Quran | |
Ali ibn Abu Talib and Abu Bakar as Siddiq accept Islam | |
615 | : 7 BH |
Conversion of Omar Ibn Al Khattab | |
620 | : 2 BH |
A group of Muslims migrates to Abyssinia to escape the persecution in Mecca | |
622 | : 1 AH |
Prophet Muhammad migrates to Madina | |
Start of the Islamic calendar | |
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624 | : 2 AH |
Battle of Badr | |
625 | : 3 AH |
Battle of Uhud | |
626 | : 5 AH |
Battle of Khandaq / Battle of the Trench | |
627 | : 6 AH |
Prophet Muhammad concludes the Treaty of Hudaibiya with the Meccans | |
628 | : 7 AH |
The Muslims reclaim Mecca | |
The Prophet sends messages to Khosroe of Persia, Heraclius of Byzantium, Muqawqis of Egypt and the king of Yemen, inviting them to accept Islam | |
632 | : 11 AH |
Farewell pilgrimage of Prophet Muhammad | |
The last verse of the Quran is revealed | |
Defensive expedition to Tabuk against the Byzantines ends in a stalemate and commander Zaid bin Harris is killed in action | |
Prophet Muhammad passes away | |
The Companions establish the Caliphate to affirm the historical continuity of Islam | |
Abu Bakar as Siddiq is elected the first Caliph | |
Death of Fatimah az Zahra beloved daughter of the Prophet,wife of Ali ibn Abu Talib | |
633 | : 12 AH |
Abu Bakar conducts campaigns against eastern Arabs to ensure their compliance with zakat | |
Rise of the false prophets | |
Battle of Yamama against Musailimah Al Kazzab | |
Abu Bakar authorizes the preparation of a written copy of the Quran, the Mashaf e Siddiqi | |
634 | : 13 AH |
Muslim armies defeat the Byzantines at the Battle of Ajnadyn | |
Abu Bakar passes away | |
Omar ibn Al Khattab is elected the Caliph | |
635 | : 14 AH |
Campaigns against eastern Roman and Persian Empires | |
The Muslims capture Damascus | |
636 | : 15 AH |
The Persian army is defeated at the Battle of Qadasia | |
The Byzantines are defeated at the Battle of Yarmuk | |
Jerusalem conquered by Arab armies. Freedom of worship is guaranteed to Christians. | |
637 | : 16 AH |
The Muslims capture Madayen, capital of the Persian Empire | |
640 | : 19 AH |
Omar bin al As begins campaigns in Egypt | |
641 | : 20 AH |
Arab armies advance towards Khorasan, Afghanistan dan Sindh | |
642 | : 21 AH |
The conquest of Egypt is completed | |
Caliph Omar streamlines the administration of the vast empire | |
Judical rulings of Omar ibn al Khattab and Ali ibn Abu Talib provide a basis for the sciences of Fiqh | |
Persian armies defeated at the Battle of Nahawand | |
643 | : 22 AH |
First construction of the Al Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem | |
644 | : 23 AH |
Caliph Omar ibn Al Khattab is assassinated | |
Uthman bin Affan is elected the Caliph | |
649 | : 28 AH |
Cyprus is captured from the Byzantines | |
650 | : 29 AH |
Pronunciation of Quranic verses standardized | |
652 | : 31 AH |
Death of Abu Dhar al Ghifari, venerated Companion and Sufi | |
656 | : 36 AH |
Caliph Uthman bin Affan is assassinated | |
Ali ibn Abu Talib is elected the Caliph | |
Beginning of the Civil Wars | |
Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib defeats dissidents under Aisha binti Abu Bakar at the Battle of the Camel | |
657 | : 37 AH |
Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, governor of Syria, refuses to recognize the Caliphate of Ali | |
Battle of Siffin between forces of Ali and Muawiya | |
Beginning of the Kharijite schism | |
658 | : 38 AH |
Ali ibn Abu Talib defeats the Kharijites at the Battle of Nahrawan | |
Muawiya is declared the Caliph by his supporters in Damascus | |
659 | : 39 AH |
Truce between Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib and Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan | |
661 | : 41 AH |
Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib is assassinated | |
Age of Khulafa e Rashidoon ends | |
Muawiya claims the Caliphate | |
Beginning of the Umayyad dynasty | |
Imam Hassan ibn Ali retires from politics | |
665 | : 45 AH |
Muawiya orders the buildup of a navy | |
667 | : 47 AH |
Muslim armies capture Khorasan | |
669 | : 49 AH |
Death of Imam Hassan ibn Ali | |
670 | : 50 AH |
Uqba bin Nafi begins the conquest of North Africa | |
The city of Khairaoun in North Africa is founded | |
671 | : 51 AH |
Muslim armies capture the island of Rhodes | |
The first attempt to capture Constantinople fails | |
678 | : 58 AH |
Death of Aisha binti Abu Bakar wife of Prophet Muhammad and the source of a large number of Hadith | |
680 | : 60 AH |
Death of Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan | |
Yazid son of Muawiya becomes Omayyad ruler | |
The tragedy of Karbala, Hussain ibn Ali,grandson of the Prophet is martyred | |
Beginning of Yawm e Ashoora | |
683 | : 63 AH |
Yazid sacks Madina | |
Uqba bin Nafi conquers North Africa | |
Death of Yazid: Muawiya II succeeds him | |
684 | : 64 AH |
Marwan I becomes the Caliph | |
685 | : 65 AH |
Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph | |
Construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem | |
Muslim armies advance into Central Asia | |
690 | : 71 AH |
Omayyad armies reach the Atlantic Ocean | |
691 | : 72 AH |
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is completed | |
692 | : 73 AH |
Abdul Malik mints the first coins of the Islamic state | |
693 | : 74 AH |
Al Hajjaj also known as al Hajjaj the cruel becomes governor of Iraq | |
694 | : 75 AH |
Construction of the Omayyad Mosque in Damascus | |
699 | : 80 AH |
Death of Al Juhani rationalist, philosopher | |
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705 | : 86 AH |
Al Walid I becomes the Caliph and begins a vigorous expansion of the empire | |
711 | : 92 AH |
Tariq ibn Ziyad lands in Spain. Visigoth army under Rodriguez is defeated at the Battle of Buhayrah | |
Muhammad bin Qasim lands at Debal subdues Baluchistan , Sindh , Multan and southern Punjab | |
712 | : 93 AH |
Musa ibn Nusair advances into Leon, Astoria, and Galicia | |
Beginning of 780 years of Muslim rule in Andalus | |
Jewish golden age in Spain | |
Death of Imam Zainul Abedin | |
713 | : 94 AH |
Zaid bin Zainul Abedin organizes resistance to the Omayyads. Beginning of the Zaidi branch. | |
Muslim armies capture Lyons in France | |
714 | : 95 AH |
Muhammad bin Qasim recalled from Sindh by Hajjaj bin Yusuf and imprisoned until death | |
Muslims capture Normandy in France | |
715 | : 96 AH |
Sulaiman becomes Umayyad Caliph | |
Musa ibn Nusair recalled from Spain by Caliph Sulaiman, stripped of all power and banished into the desert | |
717 | : 98 AH |
Omar bin Abdul Aziz becomes the Caliph and attempts reconciliation in the Islamic community. He lowers taxes on peasants in Persia and Egypt. | |
The Byzantines repulse a second Muslim attempt to capture Constantinople. | |
Spread of Islam into Persia and Egypt picks up momentum | |
719 | : 100 AH |
Omar bin Abdul Aziz is poisoned | |
Yazid II becomes the Caliph | |
720 | : 101 AH |
Muslim armies cross the Pyrenees and occupy southern France | |
724 | : 106 AH |
Hisham becomes the Caliph | |
728 | : 110 AH |
Death of Hasan al Basri,well known Sufi Shaykh | |
731 | : 113 AH |
Death of Imam al Baqir | |
732 | : 114 AH |
Charles Martel stops the Muslim advance into Europe at the Battle of Tours | |
735 | : 117 AH |
Muslim armies advance through southern France and occupy mountain passes in Switzerland | |
740 | : 122 AH |
Death of Imam Zaid bin Zain ul Abedin | |
743 | : 125 AH |
Al Walid II becomes the Caliph | |
744 | : 126 AH |
Abu Muslim is appointed the chief dayee of Khorasan | |
Yazid III, Ibrahim and Marwan II become the Caliphs in rapid succession | |
745 | : 127 AH |
Imam Jaafar as Saadiq discusses Fiqh issues in his study circles. Imam Abu Haneefa participates in these studies and benefits from them. | |
746 | : 128 AH |
Beginning of the Abbasid revolution in Khorasan | |
747 | : 129 AH |
Kufa falls to the Abbasids. Abu Muslim nominates Abul Abbas as the first Abbasid Caliph | |
750 | : 132 AH |
The Abbasid Revolution | |
The Abbasid forces defeat the Caliph Marwan at the Battle of Kushaf. The Umayyads are swept away from power and are slaughtered | |
Andur Rahman I escapes to Spain | |
Beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. Abu Abbas al Saffah becomes the first Abbasid Caliph | |
751 | : 133 AH |
Battle of Tlas.The Muslim armies are victorious over the forces of the Tang Empire. China cedes Central Asia to the Caliphate | |
Systematic development of Fiqh begins | |
754 | : 136 AH |
Al Mansur becomes the Caliph,sends troops into China in response to a request for help from the Tang Emperor Tsung. | |
755 | : 138 AH |
The Umayyad Abdur Rahman I establishes the Umayyad Emirate in Cordoba Spain | |
759 | : 142 AH |
The Franks recapture Narbonne from the Muslims | |
760 | : 143 AH |
Death of Imam Ismail, son of Imam Jaafar as Saadiq | |
Beginning of the Fatimid branch among Muslims | |
763 | : 146 AH |
Baghdad becomes the seat of the Caliphate and the cradle of Islamic civilization | |
765 | : 148 AH |
Death of Imam Jaafar as Saadiq one of the principal sources of Fiqh. Caliph al Mansur establishes schools of translation in Baghdad. | |
Muslims come into contact with Greek philosophy and Indian mathematics | |
768 | : 151 AH |
Death of Imam Abu Haneefa after whom the Hanafi school of Fiqh is named. | |
Charlemagne ( 768-814) ascends the Frankish throne. | |
775 | : 158 AH |
Al Mahdi becomes the Caliph | |
778 | : 161 AH |
Charlemagne of France raids Muslim Spain | |
780 | : 163 AH |
Charlemagne invades German territories and converts the Germans to Christianity | |
781 | : 164 AH |
Ibn Jabir invents the science of chemistry | |
785 | : 168 AH |
Al Hadi becomes the Caliph | |
786 | : 169 AH |
Harun al Rashid becomes the Caliph. Golden age of Baghdad | |
788 | : 172 AH |
Beginning of the Idrisid dynasty in North Africa | |
790 | : 174 AH |
The manufacture of paper is introduced into Baghdad from China | |
795 | : 179 AH |
Death of Imam Malik bin Anas, after whom the Maliki school of Fiqh is named | |
799 | : 183 AH |
Zubaida, wife of Harun al Rashid performs the Hajj and builds rest houses for hajjis on the road | |
Death of Imam Muza al Kazim | |
800 | : 184 AH |
Harun al Rashid and Charlemagne exchange ambassadors | |
801 | : 185 AH |
The city of Fez is established | |
Charlemagne begins an invasion of Muslim Spain | |
802 | : 186 AH |
Death of Rabia al Adawiya one of the most celebrated spiritual luminaries and a teacher of Sufi masters | |
809 | : 193 AH |
Death of Harun al Rashid. Al Amin becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
813 | : 197 AH |
Al Mamun succeeds his brother Al Amin as the Caliph | |
814 | : 198 AH |
Death of Charlemagne. The Carolingian Empire in Europe begins to disintegrate | |
815 | : 199 AH |
Al Khwarizmi invents the science of Algebra and develops the mathematics of equations | |
Viking raids from the North ravage Europe | |
The Abbasid Empire begins a slow process of disintegration. The Idrisids in North Africa and the Tahirids in Persia become autonomous | |
818 | : 202 AH |
Death of Imam Ali al Rida | |
820 | : 205 AH |
Death of Imam al Shafie after whom the Shafie school of Fiqh is named. | |
Rise of the Aghlabids in North Africa | |
822 | : 207 AH |
Music flourishes at the court of Cordoba under the musician al Zirhab | |
The Aghlabid armies from North Africa invade Sicily | |
827 | : 212 AH |
Caliph al Mamun adopts Mutazilite doctrines as court dogma | |
The Idrisids capture Crete, Sardinia and Sicily | |
830 | : 215 AH |
Caliph al Mamun patronizes the Bait ul Hikmah (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad and encourages translation of Greek and Sanskrit books into arabic. The Muslims develop concept of decimals in mathematics | |
831 | : 216 AH |
Muslims capture Palermo Italy | |
833 | : 218 AH |
Death of Al Mamun. Al Mutasim becomes the Caliph and enlists Turks into the army | |
835 | : 220 AH |
Death of Imam al Jawwad | |
838 | : 223 AH |
Umayyad armies from Spain occupy Marseilles France | |
840 | : 225 AH |
Death of Al Khwarizmi mathematician , Sufi Shaykh | |
842 | : 227 AH |
Al Wathiq becomes the Caliph | |
846 | : 231 AH |
The Aghlabids in North Africa occupy Pisa and conduct a raid on Rome | |
847 | : 232 AH |
Al Mutawakkil becomes the Caliph abandons Mutazilite doctrines | |
850 | : 235 AH |
Turkish influence in the Caliphate grows | |
855 | : 241 AH |
Death of Imam ibn Hanbal after whom the Hanbali school of FIqh is named | |
861 | : 247 AH |
University of Kairaouine ( established 859 CE ) in Fes Morocco. Caliph al Mutawakkil is murdered in Baghdad. Al Muntasir becomes the Caliph | |
866 | : 252 AH |
Al Mutaz becomes the Caliph | |
868 | : 254 AH |
Egypt becomes autonomous under the Tulunids | |
Palermo in Sicily becomes a center of Islamic learning | |
Death of Imam al Hadi | |
870 | : 256 AH |
The Zanj workers from East Africa revolt in Iraq | |
Death of Al Farabi and Al Kindi noted men of science | |
Death of Al Tabari renowned physician | |
The Muslims capture Malta | |
Al Mutamid becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
874 | : 260 AH |
Death of Abul Hussain Muslim, compiler of Hadith | |
Death of Imam al Askari | |
Death of Al Kindi mathematician astronomer | |
Death of Al Bistami one of the most celebrated Sufi Shaikhs | |
875 | : 261 AH |
Hamdan Karamat starts the Karamatian movement | |
The Sassanids establish themselves in Bokhara | |
878 | : 264 AH |
Disappearance of Imam al Muntazar the Twelth Imam | |
Beginning of belief in the hidden Imam | |
880 | : 266 AH |
The Aghlabids lose southern Italy to Christian forces | |
882 | : 268 AH |
A rebellion of the Zanj in Iraq is crushed | |
885 | : 272 AH |
Death of Dawud ibn Khalaf expounder of the Zahiri school of Fiqh | |
887 | : 274 AH |
Peasant revolt in China against foreigners forces out the Muslims of Canton | |
889 | : 276 AH |
Death of Ibn Kutaiba historian | |
890 | : 277 AH |
Spanish Muslims re-establish bases in southern France and conduct raids into Switzerland | |
892 | : 279 AH |
Death of Muhammed al Tharmidi historian | |
Al Mutadid becomes the Caliph | |
893 | : 280 AH |
The Karamatians capture Yemen | |
898 | : 285 AH |
Imam al Hadi Yahya establishes a Zaidi state in Yemen | |
900 | : 287 AH |
The Arabian Nights are compiled | |
Improvements appear in the design and use of the Astrolabe | |
The Kharijites establish a dynasty in Sijilmasa North Africa | |
901 | : 288 AH |
The Samanids emerge in Khorasan Persia | |
902 | : 289 AH |
Al Muktafi becomes the Caliph | |
903 | : 290 AH |
The Karamatians plunder Damascus | |
904 | : 291 AH |
Muslim armies capture Solonika from the Byzantines | |
907 | : 294 AH |
Abu Abdullah Fatimid leader moves to North Africa | |
908 | : 295 AH |
Al Muqtadir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
909 | : 296 AH |
The Fatimids establish themselves in North Africa | |
Ubaidulla al Mahdi becomes the first Fatimid Caliph | |
910 | : 297 AH |
Al Razi conducts research into infectious diseases including small pox,rabies and the plague | |
912 | : 299 AH |
Reign of Abdul Rahman III in Spain (912 - 961). Cordoba becomes the premier city of Europe. Golden age of Spain. Science and civilization thrive. | |
914 | : 301 AH |
Nasr al Saeed of the Samanids in Khorasan favors the Fatimids over the Abbasids | |
915 | : 302 AH |
The Kharijites establish themselves in southern Morocco | |
The Fatimids raid Egypt | |
922 | : 310 AH |
Mansur al Hallaj Persian mystic is executed for his esoteric views | |
Beginning of the Tahirid dynasty in Iraq | |
923 | : 311 AH |
Death of Abu Tabari, noted commentator on the Quran | |
925 | : 313 AH |
Death of Al Razi doctor of medicine | |
929 | : 317 AH |
In response to Fatimid claims to the Caliphate, Abdul Rahman III of Spain assumes the title of Caliph and protector of Sunni Muslims in North Africa | |
930 | : 318 AH |
The Karamatians raid Mecca and carry off the Hijr e Aswad from the Haram to Bahrain | |
931 | : 319 AH |
Abdur Rahman III occupies Ceuta | |
The Fatimids capture Algeria | |
932 | : 320 AH |
The Buyids establish their rule in southern Iraq | |
Al Qahir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad | |
933 | : 321 AH |
The Ishkedids displace the Tulunids in Egypt and rule until 969 | |
934 | : 322 AH |
Al Radi becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
Al Qaim becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
936 | : 324 AH |
Death of Al Ashari (874-936), highly influential theologian who reconciled Mutazilite doctrines with orthodox theology. Author of ''occasionalism' in philosophy | |
939 | : 327 AH |
Abdul RAhman III of Spain captures Fraxinetum, Valais,Geneva, Toulon and Great St. Bernard | |
940 | : 328 AH |
Extensive postal services are established by the Abbasids | |
Al Muttaqi becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
945 | : 333 AH |
The Buyids temporarily capture Baghdad | |
946 | : 334 AH |
Al Mutee becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
Al Mansur becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
950 | : 338 AH |
Death of Al Farabi , noted scientist, philosopher, jurist,author of treatises on ethics, music and logic, Sufi Shaykh | |
951 | : 340 AH |
The Ikhwan as Safa in Iraq compile an Ecyclopedia of Knowledge | |
953 | : 342 AH |
Al Muiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in North Africa | |
955 | : 344 AH |
Sharp naval engagements between the navies of Al Muiz and Abdul Rahman III off the coast of Spain | |
957 | : 346 AH |
Al Masudi, the historian, passes away | |
961 | : 350 AH |
Death of Abdul Rahman III | |
The Oghuz family of Turks in Central Asia accepts Islam | |
962 | : 351 AH |
The Seljuk, Alaptagin, establishes a kingdom in Ghazna Afghanistan | |
968 | : 357 AH |
The Umayyads establish a university in Cordoba | |
969 | : 358 AH |
The Fatimids conquer Egypt and establish the city of Cairo | |
970 | : 359 AH |
The Fatimids capture Syria, Mecca and Madina and lay claim to the leadership of the Islamic world. Fatimid rule in Multan ( modern Pakistan ). Brisk trade between Alexandria, Egypt and Venice, Italy | |
971 | : 360 AH |
The Fatimids establish Al-Azhar University in Cairo | |
974 | : 363 AH |
Al Ta'ee becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
975 | : 364 AH |
Death of Al Muiz, Fatimid Caliph of Egypt. Al Aziz becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
Muslim astronomers publish manuscripts showing constellations of stars | |
988 | : 378 AH |
Count Vladimir of Kiev embraces Eastern Orthodox Christianity | |
991 | : 381 AH |
Al Qadir becomes the Abbasid Caliph | |
996 | : 386 AH |
Al Hakim becomes the Fatimid Caliph | |
Pope Pious XI declares the Crusades against Muslim | |
997 | : 387 AH |
Mahmud succeeds Alaptagin in Ghazna and dominates Central Asia | |
999 | : 389 AH |
Large scale Turkish migrations into Central Asia. |
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Kara Khani Turks occupy Bukhara. |
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Mahmud of Ghazna annexes Khorasan. |
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1000 | : 390 AH |
Mahmud makes the first of seventeen raids into India. |
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The Chinese use gunpowder to propel arrows. |
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1001 | : 391 AH |
Mahmud starts campaigns to capture Peshawar, Bhera, Nagarkot, Tarain, Thaneshwar and Kanauj in India. |
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1004 | : 394 AH |
Mahmud defeats Dawud, Fatimid ruler of Multan. |
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1016 | : 407 AH |
The Christians reclaim Sardinia. |
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1017 | : 408 AH |
Beginning of the Druze sect in Lebanon. |
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1020 | : 411 AH |
Death of Firdowsi of Persia, author of Shah Nama. |
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Mahmud establishes Lahore as the capital of Punjab. |
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Death of Fatimid Caliph al Hakim who had claimed divinity. |
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1021 | : 412 AH |
Al Zahir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. |
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1024 | : 415 AH |
Mahmud raids temple of Somanath in Gujrat, India. |
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1025 | : 416 AH |
Al Baruni publishes Kitab ul Hind, a penetrating study of the people of India. |
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1030 | : 421 AH |
Death of Mahmud of Ghazna. |
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1031 | : 422 AH |
The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba disintegrates. Spain breaks up into petty emirates. The Christian kingdoms of Castille, Leon and Portugal position themselves to attack the Muslim territories. |
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Al Qaim becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
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1032 | : 423 AH |
The Church of Constantinople breaks with the Church of Rome over the issue of icons in the Church. |
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1036 | : 427 AH |
Taghril Beg becomes Seljuk Sultan. |
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Al Mustansir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. |
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1037 | : 428 AH |
Death of Abu Ali ibn Sina, one of the greatest of physicians. |
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Ferdinand I, king of Castille, captures Leon. |
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1038 | : 429 AH |
Death of Al Hazen, noted physicist. |
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1043 | : 434 AH |
The Fatimid Empire begins to crumble. Mecca, Madina, Yemen and North Africa are lost by the Fatimids. |
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1048 | : 440 AH |
Death of al Bairuni, historian, author of Kitab ul Hind. |
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1050 | : 442 AH |
The Christians advance in Sicily. |
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1051 | : 443 AH |
Beginning of the Murabitun revolution in West Africa. |
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1056 | : 448 AH |
The Seljuk Taghril Beg and the Buyid Basisiri contest the control of Baghdad. |
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1058 | : 450 AH |
Taghril Beg is anointed by Abbasid Caliph Kaim as “sultan of the east and the west” for his role in protecting the Abbasid Caliphate. |
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1060 | : 452 AH |
The Seljuk Turks advance into Persia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. |
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The Crusaders raid the coast of North Africa. |
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1061 | : 453 AH |
The Murabitun capture Morocco. |
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The Murabitun establish the city of Marrakesh as their capital. |
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1063 | : 455 AH |
Taghril Beg dies childless. His nephew Alap Arsalan becomes the Seljuk sultan. |
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1068 | : 460 AH |
Beginning of the Songhay Empire in West Africa. |
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1072 | : 464 AH |
Battle of Manzikert. The Seljuk Turks under Alap Arsalan defeat the Byzantines under Emperor Romanus and open up Anatolia for Turkish settlement. |
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The Christians capture Palermo in Sicily. |
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1075 | : 467 AH |
The Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah retakes Syria from the Fatimids. |
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Al Muqtadi becomes the Abbasid Caliph. |
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1077 | : 469 AH |
Birth of Abdul Qader Jeelani, celebrated Sufi sage. |
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1085 | : 478 AH |
Alfonso I of Castile captures Toledo, the ancient capital of Visigoth Spain. The extensive libraries of Toledo become accessible to Christian Europe. |
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1086 | : 479 AH |
The Murabitun emir, Yusuf bin Tashfin, advances into Spain at the head of a powerful African force. |
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The Nizamiya College is founded in Baghdad by Nizam ul Mulk, grand vizier to Sultan Malik Shah. |
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1087 | : 480 AH |
Yusuf bin Tashfin defeats Alfonso VI at the Battle of Sagrajas. |
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The Crusaders sack Mahdiya in North Africa. |
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The assassin terror grows in Iraq and Syria. |
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1090 | : 483 AH |
Al Ghazzali teaches at NizamiyaCollege, Baghdad. |
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The Crusaders capture Malta. |
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The assassins capture Alamut in northern Syria and establish a training center for fidayees. |
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1091 | : 484 AH |
End of Muslim presence in Sicily. |
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Smyrna in Anatolia becomes the Seljuk capital. |
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Death of Sultan Malik Shah. |
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The assassins murder grand vizier Nizam ul Mulk. |
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1094 | : 487 AH |
Al Mustansir becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
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Al Mustadi becomes the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo. |
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1095 | : 488 AH |
Pope Urban II declares a Crusade to take Jerusalem. |
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Al Afdal, grand vizier of Fatimid Egypt, recaptures Jerusalem from Turkish emir Duqaq of Damascus. |
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1096 | : 489 AH |
The start of the First Crusade. |
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1097 | : 490 AH |
Konya Anatolia becomes the Seljuk capital. |
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The Turks retreat before the advancing Crusaders. | |
The Fatimids in Egypt start negotiations with the Crusaders to divide up Seljuk territories. | |
1098 | : 491 AH |
The Crusaders capture Antioch. |
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1099 | : 492 AH |
Jerusalem falls to the Crusaders. The Muslims and the Jews are massacred. Baldwin becomes king of Jerusalem. |
|
1100 | : 493 AH |
Al Ghazzali writes a powerful diatribe, Tahaffuz al Falsafa, against speculative philosophy. In Ihya al Uloom, he accords tasawwuf an honored position in the Islamic sciences. |
|
1106 | : 499 AH |
Death of Yusuf bin Tashfin, emir of the Murabitun. |
|
1111 | : 504 AH |
Abu Hamid al Ghazzali dies after transforming the intellectual landscape of the Islamic world. |
|
1113 | : 507 AH |
Maudud, a Seljuk officer from Mosul, defeats King Baldwin of Jerusalem. |
|
1118 | : 512 AH |
Al Mustarshid, Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. |
|
1123 | : 517 AH |
Death of Omar al Khayyam, mathematician, mystic. |
|
1124 | : 518 AH |
Death of Hassan al Sabbah, leader of the Assassins. |
|
1126 | : 520 AH |
Archbishop Raymond establishes a school in Toledo to translate Arabic books into Latin. |
|
1127 | : 521 AH |
The Assassins murder Turkish officer Maudud. |
|
1130 | : 524 AH |
Death of ibn Tumart, leader of the Al Muhaddithin. |
|
1132 | : 526 AH |
Roger II of Sicily invites Muslim scholars to work at his court. |
|
1139 | :533 AH |
Birth of Khwaja Moeenuddin Chishti, Sufi sage. |
|
1141 | : 535 AH |
The Kara Kitai Turkomans defeat the Seljuks at Amu Darya. |
|
1144 | : 538 AH |
The Seljuks, under Zengi, recapture Edessa. | |
Pope Eugene declares the Second Crusade. | |
1145 | : 539 AH |
The Second Crusade collapses in Anatolia but succeeds in capturing Lisbon in Portugal. | |
End of the Murabitun rule in Andalus. | |
1146 | : 541 AH |
The al Muhaddithin captures Morocco. | |
The assassins murder Seljuk Emir Zengi. | |
1149 | : 544 AH |
Al Zafir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. |
|
1150 | : 545 AH |
The University of Paris is established. |
|
1151 | : 546 AH |
Al Idrisi constructs a map of the then known world. |
|
1154 | : 549 AH |
The Kurdish officer Nuruddin, in Seljuk service, takes Damascus. | |
Al Faiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo. | |
1157 | : 552 AH |
The al Muhaddithin captures Andalus. |
|
1160 | : 555 AH |
Al Mustanjid becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. | |
Al Adid, the last of the Fatimids, becomes the Caliph in Cairo. | |
1163 | : 558 AH |
The Seljuks and the Crusaders compete for influence in Fatimid Egypt. |
|
1166 | : 561 AH |
Death of Shaykh Abdul Qader Jeelani of Baghdad, called Shaykh ul Mashaiq, founder of the Qadariya Sufi order. | |
Death of the geographer, al Idrisi. | |
1167 | : 562 AH |
Establishment of Oxford University in England. | |
1170 | : 565 AH |
Salahuddin takes Egypt from the Fatimids. | |
Al Mustadi becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. | |
1171 | : 566 AH |
End of the Fatimid era. Egypt reverts to the Abbasid Caliphate. | |
1173 | : 568 AH |
Ghiasuddin Ghori established the kingdom of Ghor in Afghanistan. | |
1175 | : 570 AH |
Salahuddin consolidates his hold on Syria and Egypt. | |
Death of Ahmed al Rifai, founder of the Rifaiyah Sufi brotherhood. | |
1177 | : 572 AH |
Muhammed Ghori adds Multan, Uch, Dera Ismail Khan and Sindh to his dominions. | |
1179 | : 575 AH |
Muhammed Ghori starts campaigns to capture Peshawar and Sialkot. | |
1182 | : 578 AH |
Khwaja Muhammed Ghouse of Sindh introduces the Qadariya order into India and Pakistan. | |
1187 | : 583 AH |
Battle of Hittin. Salahuddin triumphs and recaptures Jerusalem. | |
Muhammed Ghori captures Lahore. | |
1188 | : 584 AH |
Pope Clement III launches the Third Crusade. | |
1189 | : 585 AH |
Khwaja Moeenuddin Chisti moves to Ajmer, India and establishes the Chistiya order. | |
1190 | : 586 AH |
King Richard of England proposes a marriage between his sister and Saifuddin, brother of Salahuddin and for the two together to rule Jerusalem. The proposal is opposed by the Crusaders and is abandoned. | |
1191 | : 587 AH |
Accra surrenders to the Crusaders after a long siege. | |
Mohammed Ghori suffers a defeat at the Battle of Tarain and is forced to withdraw towards Kabul. | |
1192 | : 588 AH |
Muhammed Ghori, victorious over the Rajputs, captures Delhi. Prithvi Raj Chauhan, ruler of Ajmer and Delhi is slain. | |
1193 | : 589 AH |
Salahuddin passes away and is buried in Damascus. |
|
1196 | : 592 AH |
The al Muhaddith emir al Mansur defeats the Crusaders at the Battle of Alarcos. | |
1198 | : 594 AH |
Death of ibn Rushd, of the great world philosophers. | |
595 AH | : 2/11/1198 - 22/10/1199 CE |
Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade. | |
1200 | : 596 AH |
Islam takes roots in Indonesia. | |
Alauddin Muhammed becomes the Shah of Khwarazm. | |
The Crusaders capture Valencia. | |
Cambridge University is established in England. | |
1201 | : 597 AH |
The Latin Crusaders sack Zara, a Christian city on the Adriatic. | |
1202 | : 598 AH |
The Delhi Sultanate is established. | |
1203 | : 599 AH |
Death of Nizami, well known Persian Sunni Muslim poet. | |
1204 | : 600 AH |
The Crusaders, led by Dondolo of Venice, sack Constantinople and loot its treasures. | |
Johan Shah, ruler of Sumatra, accepts Islam. | |
1205 | : 601 AH |
The Turkoman Kara Kitai defeats Mohammed Ghori. | |
The Ghorids put down a rebellion in the Punjab. | |
1206 | : 602 AH |
Genghiz Khan becomes the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. | |
The assassins murder Muhammed Ghori. | |
The Delhi sultans advance towards Bengal. | |
1211 | : 608 AH |
Altumish ascends the throne of Delhi. | |
1212 | : 609 AH |
The Crusaders defeat the al Muhaddith at the Battle of Las Novas de Tolosa. | |
1215 | : 612 AH |
Genghiz Khan captures northern China; learns the use of gunpowder from the Chinese. | |
1218 | : 615 AH |
The Fifth Crusade is directed against Egypt. The Egyptians open the Nile docks and drown the invaders. | |
1219 | : 616 AH |
Genghiz Khan invades the territories of Shah Muhammed of Khorasan. | |
1220 | : 617 AH |
Genghiz Khan devastates Central Asia. | |
1221 | : 618 AH |
Genghiz Khan destroys Persia and Afghanistan. | |
Prince Jalaluddin faces the Khan at the Battle of the Indus. | |
1222 | : 619 AH |
Genghiz Khan returns to Mongolia. | |
1223 | : 620 AH |
Ibn al Athir, celebrated historian, passes away. | |
1227 | : 624 AH |
Death of Genghiz Khan. The Mongols continue their advance through West Asia and Eastern Europe. | |
1228 | : 625 AH |
The Sixth Crusade, directed at Egypt and led by Emperor Frederick II of Germany fails. | |
1230 | : 627 AH |
Sundiata starts consolidation of the Empire of Mali. | |
1235 | : 632 AH |
Baba Fareed of Lahore becomes heads of the Chistiya order in India. | |
1236 | : 633 AH |
Cordoba, capital of Muslim Spain, falls to the Crusaders. | |
Razia rules as Queen of India. | |
Death of Khwaja Moeenuddin Chishti of Ajmer, the most celebrated awliya of the subcontinent. | |
Al Mustansir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad. | |
1240 | : 637 AH |
Death of ibn al Arabi, renowned Sufi Shaykh. | |
Roger Bacon teaches in England. | |
1242 | : 639 AH |
Al Musta’sim becomes the 37th and the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. | |
1245 | : 643 AH |
At the Council of Lyons, Christian Europe resolves to seek an alliance with the Mongols against the Muslims. A Franciscan priest, John de Plano Carpini, arrives at the Mongol court to seek military assistance. | |
1248 | : 646 AH |
Seville in Spain falls to the Christians. | |
Ibn Ahmar starts the Nasirid dynasty in Granada. | |
1249 | : 647 AH |
The Seventh Crusade, directed at Egypt by the Franks, is beaten back. | |
1250 | : 648 AH |
Shajarat al Durr rules as Queen of Egypt. | |
1251 | : 649 AH |
Hulagu Khan becomes the Mongol lord of Persia and Central Asia. | |
1256 | : 654 AH |
Hulagu Khan destroys the Assassins. | |
1257 | : 655 AH |
Death of Shaykh Saadi, celebrated Farsi poet. | |
Nizamuddin Awliya becomes head of the Chishtiya order in Delhi. Islam spreads in India. | |
1258 | : 656 AH |
Hulagu Khan sacks Baghdad. End of the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad. The curtain falls on the classic Islamic civilization. Caliph al Musta’sim is killed. | |
Death of Ali al Shadhuli, founder of the Shadhuli Sufi order. | |
1260 | : 658 AH |
Kublai Khan ascends the throne of China. Many capable Muslims work at the court of the Great Khan. | |
Hulagu Khan storms Aleppo and massacres its inhabitants. | |
1261 | : 659 AH |
The Mamlukes of Egypt install Al Mustansir as the Abbasid Caliph in Cairo. | |
The Mamluke, Zahir Baybars of Egypt, defeats a combined army of Mongols, Armenians and Crusaders at the Battle of Ayn Jalut. | |
1265 | : 663 AH |
Death of Hulagu Khan. | |
1269 | : 667 AH |
The Merinide al Yakub captures Marrakesh. | |
1273 | : 671 AH |
Death of Jalaluddin Rumi, author of Mathnavi, the most celebrated of Farsi poets and founder of the Maulavi Sufi order. | |
1274 | : 672 AH |
Death of al Tusi, astronomer and inventor of the 2-axis gimbal. | |
Emir al Yaqub of the Merinides defeats the Christians at the Battle of Ecija. | |
1277 | : 676 AH |
Sultan Baybars defeats the Mongol armies at the Battle of Abulistan. | |
1278 | : 677 AH |
Death of Sultan Baybars. | |
1289 | : 688 AH |
The Mamlukes captures Acre, last Crusader stronghold in Syria. | |
1290 | : 689 AH |
Sultan Malik Shah rules in Sumatra. | |
1291 | : 690 AH |
Death of Shaykh Saadi, well known Farsi poet. | |
1294 | : 693 AH |
Marco Polo returns to Italy from journey to the East. | |
1295 | : 694 AH |
Ghazan the Great, the Il Khan Emperor, accepts Islam. | |
1300 | : 699 AH |
Alauddin Khilji consolidates his empire over the subcontinent. Malik Kafur advances into southern India. | |
1301 | : 700 AH |
Uthman Ghazi, founder of the Ottoman Empire, consolidates his holdings around Burs and Eskishehir; he defeats the Byzantines at the Battle of Yalakova. | |
The Mamlukes triumph over the Il Khans at the Battle of Marj as Suffar. | |
1307 | : 706 AH |
Mansa Musa becomes emperor of Mali. | |
1316 | : 716 AH |
Death of Alauddin Khilji, emperor of India. | |
1320 | : 720 AH |
The Khilji dynasty in India collapses. | |
Beginning of the Tughlaq dynasty. | |
1324 | : 724 AH |
Mansa Musa performs his hajj with an entourage of 12000. | |
1325 | : 725 AH |
Death of Nizamuddin Awliya of Delhi. | |
Ibn Batuta begins his journey around the world. | |
Death of Amir Khusroe ,famed Sufi poet of India | |
1326 | : 726 AH |
Death of Uthman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire. His successor Sultan Orkhan captures Bursa. | |
Death of ibn Taymiyah, noted scholar, considered to be the founder of the “salafi” school of thought. | |
1333 | : 733 AH |
Yusuf I becomes emir of Granada, breaks with Castille, forms an alliance with the sultan of Morocco and makes a last attempt to capture Spain from the Christians. | |
1334 | : 734 AH |
Ibn Batuta arrives in Delhi. | |
Death of Shaykh Safiuddin Ishaq, after whom the Safavid dynasty of Persia is named. | |
1335 | : 735 AH |
Death of Abu Said, Il Khanid Prince. | |
1340 | : 740 AH |
The Yuan Emperor Toghon Timur of China sends an embassy to the court of Muhammed bin Tughlaq of India. | |
The Merinide navy defeats the Spaniards at the Battle of Tarifa. | |
1341 | : 742 AH |
Death of Sultan ibn Qalawun of Egypt. | |
1345 | : 746 AH |
Ibn Batuta visits Sultan Malik al Zahir of Pasai Indonesia. | |
1346 | : 747 AH |
The Black Plague devastates Europe. | |
1351 | : 752 AH |
Death of Muhammed bin Tughlaq of India. The Tughlaq Empire begins to disintegrate. | |
1354 | : 755 AH |
Ibn Batuta visits the Empire of Mali. | |
The Ottomans capture Gallipoli and Ankara. | |
1355 | : 756 AH |
Ibn Batuta returns to Tangier. The Merinide Sultan Abu Inan authorizes the writing of the Rehla of Ibn Batuta. | |
The Genoese briefly occupy Tripoli, Libya. | |
1357 | : 758 AH |
The Ottomans capture Erdirne. | |
1368 | : 769 AH |
Timurlane, elected the leader of the Tatars, consolidates his hold on the valley of Farghana in Uzbekistan. | |
1369 | : 770 AH |
Death of ibn Batuta. | |
1375 | : 777 AH |
Dimitrius, Count of Moscow, wins a victory over the Tatar Golden Horde. | |
1376 | : 778 AH |
The Golden Horde burns down Moscow. | |
1380 | : 782 AH |
Timurlane begins his first campaign in Persia. | |
Shaykh Awliya Karim al Maqdum introduces Islam into Mindanao, the Philippines. | |
Kara Muhammed, leader of the Turkish tribe Kara Kuyunlu, establishes his kingdom near Mosul. | |
1381 | : 783 AH |
The Ottomans capture Bulgaria. | |
1385 | : 787 AH |
The Ottomans capture Thrace. | |
1387 | : 789 AH |
Timurlane invades Russia and destroys the power of the Golden Horde. Russia begins its long march towards political consolidation. | |
1389 | : 791 AH |
Bayazid I becomes the Ottoman sultan, defeats the Serbs at the Battle of Kosova. | |
Death of Hafiz, one of the greatest of Farsi poets. | |
Death of Bahauddin Naqshband, founder of the Naqshbandi Sufi tareeqa of Bukhara. | |
1390 | : 792 AH |
A combined French and Genoese force attacks Mahdiya, Tunisia. | |
1391 | : 793 AH |
Bayazid I attacks Constantinople. | |
1396 | : 798 AH |
Bayazid defeats the Crusader armies at the Battle of Nicopolis. | |
1398 | : 800 AH |
Timur sacks Isfahan, Persia. | |
1399 | : 801 AH |
Timur invades India, sacks Delhi, India. | |
Castille sacks Tetuan, Morocco. | |
1400 | : 802 AH |
Bayazid I lays siege to Constantinople. | |
1401 | : 803 AH |
Timur defeats the Mamlukes of Egypt. | |
Damascus surrenders to the Tatars. | |
Timur sacks Baghdad. | |
1402 | : 804 AH |
Timur defeats Bayazid I at the Battle of Ankara. | |
Sulaiman I becomes the Ottoman sultan. | |
Sultan Iskander Shah expels the Thais from Malaya. | |
1404 | : 806 AH |
Timur embarks on an expedition to China. | |
1405 | : 807 AH |
Timurlane dies en route to China; his son Shah Rukh succeeds him. | |
1406 | : 809 AH |
Sultan Sikander Shah of Malaysia accepts Islam. | |
The great Chinese Admiral Zheng Yi (commonly known as Admiral Ho), a Muslim, sails to Malaya, Indonesia, India, Persia, Yemen, East Africa and the Cape of Good Hope with a fleet of 50 great ships. | |
Death of ibn Khaldun, author of Muqaddamah. | |
1409 | : 812 AH |
Shah Rukh, heir to Timurlane, occupies Samarqand. | |
1410 | : 813 AH |
Kara Yusuf establishes the Kara Kuyunlu kingdom around Tabriz, Persia. | |
Death of Gaysu Daraz, Sufi shaykh of the Deccan, India. | |
1411 | : 814 AH |
Sultan Iskander Shah of Malaya visits China at the invitation of the Chinese Emperor. | |
Prince Mehmet begins the reconsolidation of the Ottoman Empire after the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Ankara. | |
1415 | : 818 AH |
The Portuguese capture Ceuta in Morocco. | |
1420 | : 823 AH |
Shah Rukh consolidates his hold on Persia. | |
1421 | : 824 AH |
Murad II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1422 | : 825 AH |
Murad II lays unsuccessful siege to Constantinople. | |
1424 | : 827 AH |
Death of Sultan Iskander Shah of Malaya. | |
1425 | : 828 AH |
Tangier in Morocco, captured by the Portuguese. | |
1430 | : 833 AH |
The Portuguese acquire the technology to sail against the wind from the Venetians. | |
1432 | : 835 AH |
Portuguese captain Diaz sails around Cape Bajador in West Africa. | |
1434 | : 837 AH |
Death of Shah Rukh. Persia disintegrates. The Kara Kuyunlu and Aq Kuyunlu expand their territories. | |
1441 | : 845 AH |
First slave raid by the Portuguese in southern Morocco directed against Muslims. | |
1443 | : 847 AH |
The Portuguese capture the island of Tristao off the coast of West Africa, later to gain notoriety in the Atlantic slave trade. | |
1444 | : 848 AH |
Ottomans armies march into Hungary. | |
Murad II defeats combined armies of Hungary, Wallachia and Venice at the Battle of Varna. | |
The Portuguese Lagos Company chartered under Prince Henry. | |
1445 | : 849 AH |
Printing is introduced into Europe. Portuguese sailor Diaz sails around West Africa. | |
1451 | : 855 AH |
Mehmet II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Shaykh Rahmat converts the Majapahit ruler (Indonesia) Raja Kertawijaya to Islam. | |
Islam spreads rapidly in Java. | |
1453 | : 857 AH |
Mehmet II conquerors Constantinople, renames it Istanbul and makes it the capital of the Ottoman Empire. | |
1455 | : 859 AH |
The Venetians sail to the delta of the Gambia River. | |
1456 | : 860 AH |
Mehmet II captures Athens, Greece. | |
The Portuguese arrive at the mouth of the Gambia River. | |
1458 | : 862 AH |
The Portuguese occupy the fortress of al Qasr, Morocco. | |
1460 | : 864 AH |
King Alfonso of Portugal authorizes Fernao Gomes to explore the western coast of Africa. | |
1461 | : 865 AH |
Leonardo da Vinci begins his work in Venice. | |
1463 | : 867 AH |
Mehmet II conquers Bosnia. Mosque of Sultan Mehmet II constructed in Istanbul. | |
1465 | : 869 AH |
Death of al Jazuli, Sufi Shaykh in Morocco. | |
1467 | : 871 AH |
Herzegovina conquered by Mehmet II. | |
Uzun Hassan, leader of Aq Quyunlu defeats Jehan Shah, leader of the Kara Quyunlu. Jehan Shah dies in battle. | |
1471 | : 876 AH |
Tangiers occupied by Portugal. | |
Portugal occupies Arzila on the West coast of Morocco. | |
1473 | : 878 AH |
Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II defeats the Aq Kuyunlu Sultan Uzun Hassan. Portuguese captain Sequira sails to Benin, Nigeria. | |
1474 | : 879 AH |
Commercial town of Kedah, in Indonesia, becomes Muslim. | |
1475 | : 880 AH |
War between Spain and Portugal over rights to the Canary Islands. | |
1478 | : 883 AH |
Kara Quli, a descendant of Jehan Shah, flees to India and establishes the Qutubshahi dynasty near Hyderabad. | |
Death of Uzun Hassan, Aq Quyunlu Sultan. | |
Turmoil in western Persia. | |
1479 | : 884 AH |
Consolidation of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella. | |
1480 | : 885 AH |
The Ottomans capture the island of Rhodes. | |
1481 | : 886 AH |
Bayazid II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1482 | : 887 AH |
Ferdinand of Spain attacks al Hama. | |
1483 | : 888 AH |
Civil wars in Granada. | |
Ferdinand captures Malaga, Spain. | |
1484 | : 889 AH |
The Portuguese appear at the delta of the Congo River. | |
1487 | : 892 AH |
Portuguese sailor Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope. | |
1488 | : 893 AH |
Malaga, one of the last Nasirid strongholds, falls to Castille. | |
1489 | : 894 AH |
Adil Shah becomes Sultan of Bijapur, India | |
1490 | : 895 AH |
Ferdinand lays siege to Granada, called Santa Fe (Holy Faith). | |
1492 | : 897 AH |
Columbus discovers America. | |
Granada falls to the Christians. | |
Beginning of the Spanish Inquisition. | |
The Jews are expelled from Spain. | |
Sultan Bayazid II takes Hungary. | |
Lodhi Sultanate established in Delhi. | |
Death of Abdur Rahman Jami, well known Farsi poet. | |
1493 | : 898 AH |
Abu Abdallah, commonly known as Boabdil, last emir of Granada, leaves Spain. | |
Askiya Muhammed becomes Emperor of Songhay. | |
1494 | : 899 AH |
At the Treaty of Tordesillas arranged by Pope Alexander VI, Portugal and Spain agree to divide up the world for conquest. | |
1495 | : 900 AH |
Shaykh Putah introduces Islam into the Celebes islands and western New Guinea. | |
1496 | : 901 AH |
Vasco da Gama, sails around the Cape of Good Hope and with the help of Muslim navigator Ahmed ibn Majid, discovers route to Malabar, India. | |
1497 | : 902 AH |
Zahiruddin Babur loses Samarqand. | |
Askiya Muhammed moves the capital of Songhay to Gao on the Niger River. | |
1499 | : 904 AH |
Ottoman navy defeats the Venetians, takes Lepanto, off the coast of Greece. | |
1500 | : 905 AH |
Muslims in Granada resist the Spanish Inquisition. | |
Spain institutes forced slavery in Cuba. | |
1501 | : 906 AH |
Shah Ismail I, with the help of the Safaviyya Sufi order, establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia. | |
The Uzbek Shaibani Khan evicts Zahiruddin Babur from Samarqand. | |
1502 | : 907 AH |
Second voyage of Vasco da Gama to the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese bombard the city-states of East Africa, destroy the port city of Cochin, India and force the Raja of Cochin to expel Muslim traders. | |
The Portuguese capture Shofala, East Africa. | |
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa. | |
Inquisition against the Muslims in Spain. | |
1504 | : 910 AH |
Babur takes Kabul, Afghanistan. | |
Death of al Maghili, influential thinker from North Africa. | |
1505 | : 911 AH |
Spain occupies Mars al Kabir, Algeria. | |
The Portuguese occupy Agadir Morocco and build the fort of Santa Cruz. | |
Portuguese captain Almeida raids Kilwa, Tanzania. | |
1507 | : 913 AH |
The Portuguese occupy Safi, Morocco. | |
The Portuguese occupy Bab el Mandap at the entrance to the Red Sea. | |
1508 | : 914 AH |
A Mamluke fleet defeats the Portuguese off the coast of Chaul near modern Karachi. | |
Spain occupies Oran, Algeria. | |
1509 | : 915 AH |
The Mamlukes defeat the Portuguese navy off the coast of Yemen. | |
Shah Ismail I defeats the Uzbek Shaibani Khan at the Battle of Merv. | |
Spain occupies Bogie, Tunisia. | |
The first batch of slaves bought in Lisbon for transportation to America. | |
1511 | : 917 AH |
The Portuguese take Goa, India, and make it the capital of their operations in the Indian Ocean. | |
The Inquisition is instituted against Hindus and Muslim in India. | |
Spain destroys Tripoli, Libya. | |
The Ottomans crush a Qazilbash uprising in eastern Anatolia at the Battle of Sivas. | |
1512 | : 918 AH |
Selim I becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
The Portuguese capture the Straits of Malacca. | |
Tlemcen in North Africa becomes a protectorate of Spain. | |
The Uzbeks defeat the Safavids at the Battle of Khuzduvan and take Khorasan. | |
1514 | : 920 AH |
Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats Shah Ismail I at the Battle of Chaldiran. | |
1515 | : 921 AH |
The Portuguese capture the Straits of Hormuz in Persia. | |
The Portuguese control the entire Atlantic coastline of Morocco. | |
First shipload of sugar from Cuba arrives in Spain. | |
1516 | : 922 AH |
The Portuguese occupy Bahrain and Oman. | |
The Ottomans capture Mosul. | |
Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamlukes at the Battle of Marj Dabik in Syria. | |
1517 | : 923 AH |
Selim I occupies Cairo. | |
Egypt becomes a province of the Ottoman Empire. | |
The Caliphate moves to Istanbul. | |
Selim I becomes the first Ottoman Caliph of Islam. | |
Muhammed al Mahdi becomes Sa’adid Sultan of Morocco. | |
Martin Luther begins Protestant reformation in Germany. | |
The Portuguese capture Colombo, Sri Lanka. | |
The King of Spain grants license to import African slaves into America. | |
Ibrahim Lodhi becomes Sultan of Delhi. | |
1519 | : 925 AH |
Death of Leonardo da Vinci. | |
Mexican silver flows into Europe. | |
1520 | : 926 AH |
Sulaiman the Magnificent becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1521 | : 927 AH |
Sulaiman captures Belgrade. | |
Cortez destroys the Aztec Empire of Mexico. | |
1522 | : 928 AH |
Sulaiman captures Rhodes. Spain captures Central America. | |
1525 | : 931 AH |
Death of Safavid Shah Ismail I. | |
Tahmasp I becomes Safavid ruler of Persia. | |
Babur takes Lahore, Pakistan. | |
Sulaiman the Magnificent orders a reorganization of the Ottoman fleet to challenge the Spaniards and the Portuguese. | |
1526 | : 932 AH |
Babur captures Delhi; the Moghul dynasty is born. Sulaiman the Magnificent defeats the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohacs. | |
1527 | : 933 AH |
Babur defeats Rajput armies at the Battle of Khanua. | |
1528 | : 934 AH |
Sultan Sulaiman captures the city of Buda in Hungary. | |
Askiya Muhammed becomes blind and is deposed as the Emperor of Songhay. | |
1529 | : 935 AH |
Sultan Sulaiman lays siege to Vienna, Austria. | |
1530 | : 936 AH |
Death of Zahiruddin Babur. His son Humayun ascends the Moghul throne in Delhi. | |
The Englishman William Hawkins raids the Ivory Coast. | |
1534 | : 940 AH |
Khairuddin, admiral of the Ottoman fleets, recaptures Tunis. | |
Henry VIII takes the Church of England out of the orbit of Rome. | |
1535 | : 941 AH |
Sulaiman Pasha, Ottoman governor of Egypt, drives the Portuguese from Yemen. | |
The English Parliament passes laws against loitering in London. | |
John Calvin preaches the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland. | |
Stock Exchange is established in London. | |
1536 | : 943 AH |
Khairuddin raids Valencia, Spain. | |
1537 | : 944 AH |
Khairuddin captures Otranto, Italy and threatens Rome. | |
1538 | : 945 AH |
Khairuddin victorious over combined navies of Venice and the Vatican at the Battle of Prevesa. | |
1540 | : 947 AH |
Spain colonizes the Philippines. | |
Destruction of religious relics in England. Beginning of the end of feudalism in England. | |
Sher Shah Suri defeats Moghul Emperor Humayun and displaces him from the throne of Delhi until 1555. | |
1541 | : 948 AH |
Charles V of Spain strikes at the Algerian coast. | |
Ottoman Admiral Khairuddin takes Otranto, Italy. | |
Muhammed al Saadi drives the Portuguese from the fort of Santa Cruz in Morocco. | |
1542 | : 949 AH |
Increasing tribal warfare in West Africa. | |
1546 | : 953 AH |
Death of Khairuddin. Piri Rais becomes admiral of Ottoman navies. | |
1550 | : 957 AH |
Kingdom of Acheh in Indonesia is founded. Islam spreads in the Archipelago. | |
1551 | : 958 AH |
The Ottomans reclaim Tripoli. | |
Piri Rais challenges the Portuguese blockage of the Straits of Hormuz. | |
1553 | : 960 AH |
Thomas Wyndham of England raids the coast of West Africa. | |
1554 | : 961 AH |
John Lock of England raids the Ivory Coast. | |
1557 | : 964 AH |
The Ottomans occupy Masawa, Eritrea. | |
1558 | : 965 AH |
Akbar becomes Moghul Emperor of India. | |
1560 | : 967 AH |
Akbar adds Malwa, Chitoor, Rathambur, Gujrat and Bengal to the Moghul Empire (1560-1574). | |
Abul Fazal and Faizi, well known writers, grace the Moghul court. | |
Akbar surrounds himself with the “seven gems”; men of outstanding capabilities, including the musician Tan Sen and the Finance Minister Raja Todar Mal. | |
1561 | : 968 AH |
Piri Rais prepares an accurate map of the Atlantic seaboard. | |
The Ottomans destroy a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Djerba. | |
1562 | : 969 AH |
Akbar marries Jodha Bai, princess of Amber, Rajasthan. | |
1563 | : 970 AH |
First English fortifications off the coasts of New Guinea. | |
1564 | : 971 AH |
Spain occupies the Philippines. | |
1565 | : 972 AH |
Battle of Telekote, India. The combined forces of Bijapur, Golkunda, Bidar and Gulbarga defeat the armies of Vijayanagar in southern India. | |
Piri Rais undertakes unsuccessful siege of Malta. | |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, captures Gujrat. | |
John Hawkins of England conducts slave raids on Sierra Leone. | |
Sulaiman the Magnificent passes away | |
1566 | : 973 AH |
Muslims in Spain rebel against forced conversion to Catholicism. | |
1571 | : 979 AH |
Battle of Lepanto. Combined navies of Spain, Venice, Austria and the Vatican defeat the Ottoman navy and occupy Tunis. Ottoman naval advance into the western Mediterranean is halted. | |
1572 | : 980 AH |
The Ottomans reclaim Tunis. | |
The Dutch gain their independence from Spain. | |
1573 | : 981 AH |
The Moghul Emperor Akbar authorizes the construction of four large temples in Mathura. | |
1576 | : 984 AH |
The Ottomans advance through Algeria and take the city of Fez in Morocco. | |
1578 | : 986 AH |
Battle of Al Qasr al Kabir. The Sa’adid Sultan Ahmed al Mansur crushes the Portuguese army. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed. Morocco remains independent. Ottoman westward advance is halted. | |
1579 | : 987 AH |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, completes the construction of a new city, Fatehpur Sikri. He starts ecumenical discussions with all religious faiths in the Ibadat Khana. | |
1580 | : 988 AH |
Ottoman Admiral Ali Beg raids Portuguese positions in East Africa. | |
Skirmishes between the Empire of Songhay and the Sa’adids of Morocco over the salt mines of Taodini. | |
Portugal becomes a protectorate of Spain. | |
1581 | : 989 AH |
Akbar, the Great Moghul, moves to Lahore, and adds Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan and southern Afghanistan to his empire. | |
Akbar completes the construction of a Jami Masjid in Peshawar. | |
Queen Elizabeth I sends Harborne as ambassador to Istanbul to seek trade relations with the Ottomans. | |
1585 | : 993 AH |
War between the Safavids and the Ottomans for control of Iraq and Azerbaijan. | |
1587 | : 995 AH |
Pope Sixtus V authorizes a Catholic crusade against England. | |
The English defeat the Scots. Consolidation of Britain under the English throne. | |
1588 | : 996 AH |
Shah Abbas becomes Safavid emperor of Persia. | |
The Spanish armada is destroyed off the coast of England. | |
Death of Sinan, architect of Sulaimaniye and Shehzade mosques in Turkey. | |
1590 | : 998 AH |
William Shakespeare writes in England. | |
1591 | : 999 AH |
The Bohras emerge as a sub-branch of the Fatimids. | |
1592 | : 1000 AH |
The Sa’adids of Morocco invade the Songhay Empire. A strong force under Judar Pasha destroys Timbaktu. | |
1596 | : 1004 AH |
Akbar captures Ahmednagar in the Deccan, India. | |
1598 | : 1006 AH |
A second Spanish attempt to conquer England ends in failure. | |
1600 | : 1008 AH |
Dutch ascendancy in the Atlantic. The Atlantic slave trade gathers momentum. | |
The British East India Company is granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth I. | |
1602 | : 1010 AH |
Shah Abbas drives the Portuguese from Bahrain. | |
The Dutch East India Company is formed. | |
1603 | : 1012 AH |
Death of Queen Elizabeth I. | |
1605 | : 1014 AH |
Death of Moghul Emperor Akbar. | |
1609 | : 1018 AH |
Final expulsion of Muslims from Spain. | |
1615 | : 1024 AH |
The Dutch capture the Straits of Malacca from the Portuguese. | |
Thomas Roe arrives in India as British ambassador to the Moghul court. | |
Galileo is tried by the Church for his view that the earth is not the center of the universe. | |
1619 | : 1028 AH |
The Dutch East India Company obtains trading rights on the island of Java. | |
Thomas Roe obtains a farman from the Great Moghul Jehangir granting Britain trading rights in India. | |
1620 | : 1029 AH |
Sufi doctrines spread to East Asia. | |
The Pilgrims land at Port Plymouth, Massachusetts. | |
1622 | : 1031 AH |
Shah Abbas I, with the help of the British navy, expels the Portuguese from the Straits of Hormuz. The British obtain trading rights in Persia. | |
1623 | : 1032 AH |
Murad IV becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
1624 | : 1033 AH |
Death of Shaykh Ahmed Sirhindi, referred to as Mujaddid alf e Thani (Reformer of the Second Millennium). He expounded the doctrine of Wahdat as Shahada. | |
1626 | : 1035 AH |
The Dutch establish themselves in New Amsterdam (New York). | |
1627 | : 1036 AH |
Shah Jehan, Moghul Emperor of India. | |
1630 | : 1039 AH |
Death of German Astronomer Johann Kepler. | |
1635 | : 1045 AH |
Death of Mian Pir of Lahore, teacher of Dara Shikoh, son of Shah Jehan. | |
Emperor Shah Jehan expels the Portuguese from Bengal. | |
1638 | : 1048 AH |
Shah Jehan builds a new capital at Delhi. Construction of the Jami Masjid in Delhi. | |
1639 | : 1049 AH |
The British East India Company establishes a factory at Madras. | |
1640 | : 1050 AH |
Armed rivalry between Britain, France and the Dutch for control of the slave trade. | |
Portugal gains its independence from Spain. | |
The Dutch capture Sri Lanka. | |
The British East India Company establishes a factory at Calcutta. | |
1641 | : 1051 AH |
Sultana Tajul Alam Safiyyiatuddin rules as Queen of Acheh. She is the first of four queens to rule over the northern part of Sumatra. | |
The Dutch capture Cochin on the West coast of India. | |
1642 | : 1052 AH |
The Dutch establish a colony at Masulipatam on the East coast of India. | |
1643 | : 1053 AH |
War between Venice and the Ottomans for control of Crete. | |
1648 | : 1058 AH |
Shah Jehan completes the Taj Mahal, the most celebrated monument to love, for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. | |
The Portuguese recapture Brazil from the Dutch. | |
1655 | : 1065 AH |
The Kurpulu brothers Mehmet Pasha and Fazil Ahmed revitalize the Ottoman administration (1655-1676). | |
1658 | : 1068 AH |
Aurangzeb becomes the Moghul Emperor. | |
1659 | : 1069 AH |
End of the Sa’adid dynasty in Morocco. | |
1660 | : 1070 AH |
Isaac Newton revolutionizes physics. | |
1664 | : 1074 AH |
The British seize New Amsterdam, rename it New York. | |
The Battle of St. Gotthard between the Ottomans and the European “Holy League” ends in a stalemate. | |
1666 | : 1076 AH |
The Qur’an is translated into the Malay language. | |
1668 | : 1079 AH |
King Charles II of England sells Bombay to the East India Company. | |
1676 | : 1087 AH |
Kara Mustafa Pasha becomes grand vizier in Istanbul. | |
1677 | : 1088 AH |
War between Russia and the Ottomans over access to the Black Sea. | |
1683 | : 1094 AH |
The second siege of Vienna ends in failure. The Ottomans lose Hungary. | |
1686 | : 1097 AH |
The Hapsburgs advance through Hungary towards Belgrade. | |
The British make an attempt to capture the port of Chittagong in India and are beaten back by Moghul forces. | |
1687 | : 1098 AH |
The Ottomans are defeated at the second Battle of Mohacs. | |
1694 | : 1105 AH |
The Bank of England advances a perpetual loan of 1.2 million pounds to the British Crown in return for the privilege of putting its own notes into circulation. | |
1696 | : 1107 AH |
Peter of Russia captures the strategic fortress of Azov from the Ottomans. | |
The Sultan of Oman recaptures Fort Jesus of Mombasa from the Portuguese. | |
1707 | : 1119 AH |
Death of Aurangzeb. The Moghul Empire begins to disintegrate. | |
1708 | : 1120 AH |
The assassination of Guru Gobind Singh sets off Sikh revolts against Moghul rule in India. | |
1713 | : 1125 AH |
The British displace the Dutch as the most powerful force in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. | |
1722 | : 1134 AH |
Tahmasp II, last Safavid ruler of Persia ascends the Persian throne. | |
Nizam ul Mulk is appointed the Subedar of Hyderabad. | |
1736 | : 1149 AH |
Nadir Shah becomes Emperor of Persia, displaces the Safavid Tahmasp II. | |
1739 | : 1152 AH |
Nadir Shah of Persia invades India, sacks Delhi, and carries off the Peacock Throne. | |
1740 | : 1153 AH |
Shaykh ibn Abdul Wahhab starts his movement in Najd, Arabia. | |
1741 | : 1154 AH |
Ahmed ibn Said becomes Sultan of Oman and Zanzibar and attempts to build a strong navy. | |
1746 | : 1159 AH |
Muhammed ibn Saud establishes the Saudi dynasty near Riyadh. | |
1754 | : 1167 AH |
The French General Dupleix leaves India. France loses the contest for control of Indian trade to the British. | |
1756 | : 1169 AH |
Anglo-French wars in India and America (1756-63). The British are victorious over the French. | |
1757 | : 1170 AH |
The Battle of Plassey. The British gain control of Bengal, India. | |
1758 | : 1171 AH |
The Industrial Revolution in England gains momentum, fueled by the loot from Bengal. | |
The Marathas occupy Lahore; oust Timur, son of Nadir Shah of Kabul. | |
1761 | : 1174 AH |
Third Battle of Panipat near Delhi. The Afghans under Ahmed Shah Abdali defeat Maratha armies. | |
1762 | : 1175 AH |
Death of Shah Waliullah of Delhi, leading reformer. | |
1763 | : 1176 AH |
The Treaty of Paris. The French give up their interests in India and America. | |
1764 | : 1177 AH |
The British starve the Begums of Oudh, India, to surrender their jewels. | |
Battle of Buxor. The British defeat the combined armies of Oudh, Bengal and Delhi. | |
1765 | : 1178 AH |
The British wage a brutal campaign against the Afghans of Rohilla in India. | |
1767 | : 1181 AH |
The First Mysore War (1767-68). Tippu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali force the British to sue for peace. | |
1772 | : 1186 AH |
The British Parliament abolishes the slave trade. | |
1776 | : 1190 AH |
The Colonies declare independence in America. The American War of Independence (1776-83) follows. | |
1780 | : 1194 AH |
The Second Mysore War. Tippu Sultan defeats the British at the Battle of Pollipur. | |
1781 | : 1195 AH |
George Washington defeats General Cornwallis at the Battle of Saratoga. Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown, retires to England, is hired by the East India Company, and is sent to battle Tippu Sultan of Mysore. | |
1787 | : 1201 AH |
Death of Shaykh ibn Abdul Wahhab of Arabia. | |
1789 | : 1203 AH |
The Third Mysore War (1789-91). Cornwallis forces Tippu Sultan to cede half of his Territory; takes Tippu’s children as hostage. | |
Beginning of the French Revolution. | |
1793 | : 1207 AH |
The British Permanent Settlement Act imposes feudal landlords upon Bengal. | |
1798 | : 1213 AH |
Napoleon lands in Egypt and is victorious at the Battle of the Pyramids. | |
The British capture Colombo from the Dutch. | |
1799 | : 1214 AH |
Napoleon corresponds with Tippu Sultan of Mysore and the Sultan of Oman about an invasion of India. | |
Tippu Sultan falls at the Battle of Srirangapatam. | |
Napoleon is defeated by Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar and is forced to withdraw from Egypt. | |
1801 | : 1216 AH |
The Wahhabis raid Karbala. Wahhabi movement spreads to Iraq. The Wahhabis raid the Hejaz. | |
1803 | : 1218 AH |
Muhammed Ali becomes the Ottoman governor of Egypt; starts a long series of reforms. | |
The Marathas in Poona, India, sue for peace with the British. | |
Denmark abolishes the slave trade. | |
Emir Abdul Aziz of Najd captures Mecca. | |
1805 | : 1220 AH |
Muhammed Ali becomes the Pasha of Egypt. | |
1806 | : 1221 AH |
British armies enter Delhi. | |
1807 | : 1222 AH |
Uthman dan Fuduye establishes the Sokoto Caliphate. | |
Muhammed Ali Pasha beats back a British attempt to seize Alexandria, Egypt. | |
1808 | : 1223 AH |
The United States abolishes the slave trade. | |
1812 | : 1227 AH |
Muhammed Ali of Egypt recaptures Mecca and Hejaz from the Wahhabis (1812-15). | |
1817 | : 1232 AH |
Death of Uthman dan Fuduye, mujahid in West Africa. | |
Muhammed Bello becomes Caliph of the Sokoto Empire. | |
1818 | : 1233 AH |
Holland abolishes the slave trade. | |
1821 | : 1236 AH |
Greek war against the Ottomans. | |
1827 | : 1242 AH |
Naval Battle of Navarino pits European axis against the Ottomans. | |
Shaykh Ahmed Lobo establishes the kingdom of Lobo in West Africa. | |
1828 | : 1243 AH |
War between Russia and the Ottomans over control of the Black Sea. Russia advances into Anatolia. | |
1830 | : 1246 AH |
Greece breaks off from the Ottoman Empire. | |
France occupies Algiers. | |
1834 | : 1250 AH |
Beginning of Muslim resistance to the Russians in Daghestan, Crimea and the Caucasus. | |
1835 | : 1251 AH |
The Ottomans defeat the French at Malta. | |
The British replace Persian with English in the higher courts in India. | |
1837 | : 1253 AH |
Sanusiya Sufi brotherhood is founded in North Africa. | |
1838 | : 1254 AH |
British invasion of Afghanistan ends in failure. | |
1839 | : 1255 AH |
Abdul Mecit I becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Beginning of Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire. | |
1840 | : 1256 AH |
France starts colonization of Algeria. | |
1846 | : 1262 AH |
The Bank Act of 1846 in England confers legal recognition on the negotiability of credit documents. | |
1848 | : 1264 AH |
Nasiruddin Shah ascends the throne of Persia. | |
1850 | : 1266 AH |
The Bahai schism starts in Persia. | |
1851 | : 1267 AH |
The British build a railroad linking Alexandria with Suez (1851-54). | |
1853 | : 1269 AH |
The Tijaniya Sufi brotherhood is established in West Africa. | |
Beginning of the Crimean War. Britain and France support the Ottomans against Russia. | |
1854 | : 1270 AH |
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt grants a concession to French Engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps to build the Suez Canal. Egypt borrows funds from international bankers to complete the canal. | |
The Ottomans take their first loan from international bankers. | |
1856 | : 1272 AH |
End of the Crimean war between Russia and the Ottomans. | |
1857 | : 1273 AH |
The Sepoy Uprising in India. After initial successes, the Uprising is crushed by the British. End of Moghul rule. The British exile the last Moghul Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar to Rangoon, Burma. | |
1858 | : 1274 AH |
The Russians capture Imam Shamil, Naqshbandi Imam in Daghestan. End of Muslim resistance in Chechnya and Daghestan. | |
1859 | : 1275 AH |
Death of Muhammed al Sanusi, Reformer, Sufi Shaykh of Libya. | |
1860 | : 1276 AH |
Alhajj Omar resists French colonization in Sene-Gambia. | |
1861 | : 1277 AH |
American Civil War (1861-65). The price of Egyptian cotton soars in world markets. | |
1863 | : 1280 AH |
Abraham Lincoln proclaims the abolition of slavery. | |
1869 | : 1286 AH |
The Suez Canal opens with much fanfare. | |
The price of Egyptian cotton drops precipitously. Egyptian public debt mounts. | |
Tunisia falters on debt payments to European bankers. The International Debt Commission for Tunisia assumes control over Tunisian finances. | |
1871 | : 1288 AH |
A unified Germany emerges as the most powerful continental power in Europe. | |
1873 | : 1290 AH |
The Dutch capture the Kingdom of Acheh in Sumatra. Beginning of Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. | |
1874 | : 1291 AH |
Syed Ahmed Khan founds the Aligarh College in India. | |
1875 | : 1292 AH |
Egypt sells off its share in the Suez Canal Company to the British to partially offset its debts. | |
1876 | : 1293 AH |
Abdul Hamid II becomes the Ottoman Sultan and Caliph. He starts consolidation of ties with Muslim peoples worldwide. | |
Egypt falters on debt payments. Britain and France appoint a Commission on Egyptian Public Debt with the power to confiscate revenues. | |
1877 | : 1294 AH |
Russia invades the Ottoman Empire (1877-78). Russian troops advance to within ten miles of Istanbul and dictate capitulation terms to the Turks at the Treaty of San Stefano. | |
1878 | : 1295 AH |
Egypt is forced by Britain and France to accept international control over her finances. | |
Treaty of Berlin results in effective dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. | |
Britain occupies Cyprus. | |
1879 | : 1296 AH |
Britain and France force Khedive Ismail Pasha of Egypt to abdicate in favor of his son Tawfiq Pasha. Sultan Abdul Hamid acquiesces in the abdication. | |
1880 | : 1297 AH |
The French, in violation of the Treaty of Berlin, occupy Tunisia and declare it a “protectorate”. | |
1881 | : 1298 AH |
Egyptian nationalists under Ahmed Torabi Pasha stage protests against foreign control. | |
1882 | : 1299 AH |
The British bombard Alexandria into submission, defeat the Egyptians at the Battle of Tel el Kabir and occupy Cairo. | |
The Mahdi seizes Khartoum and establishes a Caliphate in the Sudan. | |
1885 | : 1302 AH |
The British storm Khartoum. Death of al Mahdi of the Sudan. | |
An Englishman, Allan Hume, founds the Indian National Congress. | |
1888 | : 1305 AH |
Ghulam Mirza Ahmed starts the Ahmadiya schism in Punjab, India. The movement draws strong opposition from the ulema. | |
1891 | : 1308 AH |
The Tobacco Concession touches off an uproar in Persia. Peaceful boycott of tobacco, under a fatwa from Hajji Mirza Hassan Shirazi, forces the Shah to rescind the Concession. | |
1896 | : 1314 AH |
Nasiruddin Shah of Persia is assassinated. | |
1901 | : 1319 AH |
Abdul Aziz ibn Saud captures Riyadh. | |
1906 | : 1324 AH |
All India Muslim League is founded. | |
1907 | : 1325 AH |
Death of Muzaffaruddin Shah of Persia. His son Muhammed Ali Mirza becomes the Shah. The first Majlis is elected in Persia. | |
The Young Turks Movement in Turkey gathers momentum. | |
1908 | : 1326 AH |
Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina. | |
Constitutional revolution in Persia. Muhammed Ali Shah of Persia is deposed. His young son Ahmed Mirza becomes the Shah. | |
1909 | : 1327 AH |
Sultan Abdul Hamid II is deposed by the Young Turks. | |
Mehmet V becomes the Sultan. | |
1911 | : 1329 AH |
The Sanusi brotherhood resists the Italian invasion of Libya. | |
1912 | : 1330 AH |
Muhammadiya movement is organized in Indonesia. | |
Egypt becomes a British protectorate. | |
1913 | : 1331 AH |
The Balkan war begins. Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria invade Ottoman territories. Albania becomes independent. The Ottomans are forced to withdraw from most of the Balkans. | |
1914 | : 1332 AH |
A Serb in Sarajevo murders Prince Francis Ferdinand of Austria. Austria declares war on Serbia. | |
Russia declares war on Austria. | |
Germany declares war on Russia. | |
France and England declare war on Germany. | |
The Triple Entente powers (Britain, France and Russia) declare war on the Ottomans. | |
Beginning of World War I. | |
1915 | : 1333 AH |
The Ottomans contain British advances in Iraq and beat back attempts to capture Baghdad and Istanbul. | |
1916 | : 1334 AH |
The British promise to set up a unified Arab state. | |
Sharif Hussain declares himself king of Hejaz, attacks Ottoman garrisons in Arabia. | |
Lawrence of Arabia, a British intelligence officer, works with the Arabs. | |
The Sykes-Picot agreement divides up the Ottoman territories between England, France, Russia, Greece and Italy. | |
1917 | : 1335 AH |
Anglo Indian troops under Allenby capture Baghdad and Jerusalem. | |
The Balfour Declaration promises to set up a Jewish homeland in Palestine. | |
The French take Beirut. | |
Germany releases the Bolshevik leader Lenin to pressure Russia to drop out of the War. | |
The United States enters the War. | |
The Russian army begins to collapse on the western front. The October Revolution brings the Bolsheviks to power. Russia pulls out of the War. | |
1918 | : 1336 AH |
Mehmet VI becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Damascus falls to British Forces. | |
Germany and the Ottoman Empire capitulate. End of World War I. | |
The Wafd movement starts in Egypt. | |
1919 | : 1337 AH |
The victorious allies partition the Ottoman Empire. | |
Greece invades Anatolia. | |
1920 | : 1338 AH |
French mandate over Syria. | |
British mandate over Iraq and Palestine. | |
The Greeks capture Alashehir, Bahkesir, Bandarma and Bursa. | |
The Turks stop the Greeks at the Battle of Ankara. | |
1921 | : 1339 AH |
The British appoint Abdullah, son of Sharif Hussain, as emir of Trans Jordan. | |
Faisal, another son of Hussain, is appointed emir of Iraq. | |
The Turks are victorious over the Greeks at the Battle of the Sakarya River. Greece retreats from Anatolia. | |
1922 | : 1340 AH |
Abdul Mecit II becomes Ottoman Sultan. | |
Mustafa Kemal becomes President of the Republic of Turkey. | |
1924 | : 1342 AH |
The Turkish National Assembly abolishes the Caliphate | |
1927 | : 1345 AH |
Tablighi Jamaat reform movement founded in India | |
1928 | : 1346 AH |
Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Muslim Brothers) founded in Egypt | |
1941 | : 1360 AH |
Jamaat-i Islami reform movement founded in Lahore, India | |
1945 | : 1364 AH |
Indonesia becomes independent republic | |
Islam spreads to the West with mass migrations from Asia, Africa and India | |
1947 | : 1366 AH |
Pakistan founded as an Islamic nation. Islam becomes a minority religion in India | |
1957 | : 1376 AH |
Independent Malayan state established with Islam as the official religion but guaranteed tolerance | |
1960 | : 1379 AH |
Familes from SE Asia and North Africa emigrate to Europe and the Americas | |
1979 | : 1399 AH |
Shah of Iran is overthrown by Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni, who establishes strict fundamentalist rule of Shi'a principles | |
1990 | : 1410 AH |
Taliban come to power in Afghanistan | |
2001 | : 1422 AH |
Muslim extremists attack the United States | |
2003 | : 1424 AH |
Saddam Hussien ousted by Western forces | |
HR Bukhari : Narrated by Abu Huraira
__________________________________________
Narrated Abu Huraira:
My friend (the Prophet (ﷺ) ) advised me to observe three things: (1) to fast three days a month; (2) to pray two rak`at of Duha prayer (forenoon prayer); and (3) to pray witr before sleeping.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو التَّيَّاحِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ أَوْصَانِي خَلِيلِي صلى الله عليه وسلم بِثَلاَثٍ صِيَامِ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ، وَرَكْعَتَىِ الضُّحَى، وَأَنْ أُوتِرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَنَامَ.
Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1981 |
In-book reference | : Book 30, Hadith 88 |
USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 31, Hadith 202 |
(deprecated numbering scheme) |
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