Translation                          

_______________________________________________

                 back to top

_______________________________________________

More Hadith                      

_______________________________________________

                 back to top

_______________________________________________

Conversation                    

_______________________________________________

                 back to top

_______________________________________________

Other Events

_______________________________________________

               back to top

_______________________________________________

Islamic Lineage

_______________________________________________

               back to top

_______________________________________________

Islamic Timeline

_______________________________________________

               back to top

_______________________________________________

          a  

Geography                   

 Germany : World renown Scientist

Albert Einstein: a short biography

Albert Einstein is probably the world’s most famous scientist but how much about him do you really know? Here is a short biography of the father of quantum theory.

Dr. Albert Einstein writes out an equation for the density of the Milky Way on the blackboard at the Carnegie Institute Photo: AP

By Andy Bloxham 9:43PM BST 22 Sep 2011

Albert Einstein's name has become synonymous with genius but his contributions to science might have been cut short had he stayed in Germany, where he was born on March 14, 1879.

It was 1933 and a charismatic politician called Adolf Hitler had just become Chancellor.

Einstein, a Jew, learned that his name was on a Nazi list of people earmarked for assassination and a bounty had been put on his head.

One German magazine even included him on a list of enemies of the state under the phrase: “Not yet hanged.”

He had already been used to being something of a migrant as, by the age of 17, his parents had already taken him to live in Italy and Switzerland, where he began training to be a physics and maths teacher in 1896.

Einstein qualified and became a Swiss citizen but couldn’t find a teaching job so began work as an assistant in the Swiss Patent Office in 1901, where he was passed over for promotion because he had not got to grips with “machine technology”.

However, much of his work was linked to the synchronising of time by mechanical and electrical means, which sowed the seeds that would later transform the understanding of the universe.

His first theoretical paper – on the capillary forces of a straw – was published in a respected journal that same year and by 1905 he was awarded his doctorate by the University of Zurich.

The scientist’s work began to pour out of him – by the end of that year, he published no less than four revolutionary papers on matter and energy; the photoelectric effect; Brownian motion; and the idea that perhaps defined him most of all – special relativity.

Despite the acclaim that he began to accrue, he continued working at the patent office until 1909.

Two years later his work on relativity made him world famous when he concluded that the trajectory of light arriving on Earth from a star would be bent by the gravity of the Sun.

His conclusions ripped up the ideas of Newtonian mechanics which had stood since the 17th century.

They are modest, intelligent, considerate and have a feel for art. [Einstein on the Japanese]

He returned to Germany where he held several prestigious positions, including president of the German Physical Society.

By 1921, his groundbreaking theories had transformed the basics of modern physics and he was awarded the Nobel Prize.

However, it was not given for his most famous work, that of relativity, because it remained too controversial.

Instead, the judges used his explanation of the photoelectric effect to explain the award.

The famous scientist began to lecture worldwide and travelled to Singapore, Sri Lanka, Palestine and Japan, where he spoke before the emperor and declared: “Of all the people I have met, I like the Japanese most, as they are modest, intelligent, considerate and have a feel for art.”

Wherever he went by this stage he was greeted like a head of state or a rock star, with crowds thronging to hear him and cannons fired to salute his arrival.

The rise of Hitler and Nazism persuaded him to move to the US, where he later shed his avowal of pacifism and wrote to President Roosevelt urging him to press ahead with construction of a nuclear bomb to ensure the Germans did not get there first.

There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn. [Robert Oppenheimer on Einstein]

He later said this letter was his life’s biggest regret because nuclear weapons had such a fierce capacity for destruction.

He began work at Princeton University and became a US citizen in 1940 (his third passport) where he was a strident critic of racism, calling it America’s “worst disease”.

Albert Einstein died of internal bleeding on April 17, 1955, aged 76, which was marked with headlines around the world.

But his story did not end there - his brain was removed by the pathologist to try to understand what made him so intelligent.

At his memorial, Robert Oppenheimer, the developer of the atomic bomb which Einstein had backed, said: “He was almost wholly without sophistication and wholly without worldliness.

“There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn.”

_______________________________________________

                   back to top

_______________________________________________

History                         

_______________________________________________

                   back to top

_______________________________________________

Muslim                        

_______________________________________________

                   back to top

_______________________________________________

Geography                         

______________________________________________

                     back to top

______________________________________________

History                              

Central Europe has some of the oldest and best preserved cities on the continent. Below is a list 9 countries and capital cities :

1. Czech Republic  : Beautiful forests and mountains, and some of the most notable architectural attractions in Europe. Prague — one of Europe's most attractive and well preserved large cities and has emerged as an expatriate melting pot since the opening of the Iron Curtain

Address: Islámské centrum v centru Prahy
Politických vězňů 915/14, 
110 00 Praha, Czech Republic

According to the 2017 census, there are around 20 000 Muslims in the Czech Republic (less than 0.2% of country's population), compared to 3400 in 2010 and 495 in 1991. Almost all Muslims in the Czech Republic are sunni.

The Islamic centers are located mainly in Prague and Brno, then in Teplice, Hradec Králové, Liberec, Pilsen, Karlovy Vary and Kolová village (Karlovy Vary District). In 2004, local authorities refused plans to build a mosque in Orlová village.

Ialamic Foundation in Brno (Brno Mosque), Vídeňská 38a, 63900 Brno, Tel. : +420 543 243 352   Fax: +420 543 243 594

 email : brno@muslim.cz

http://brno.muslim.cz/english

http://mesita.cz/galerie/galeria.html

 In 1998 the first mosque was opened, in Brno  and a year later another, in the capital, Prague . Attempts to open mosques in other cities have been stopped by local citizens. In 2004 Islam was officially registered in the Czech Republic: the community is thus eligible to obtain funds from the state.

________________________________________________

2. Poland : Formerly the sleeping giant of Europe, modern-day Poland is a thriving nation with important national parks and countless historical attractions.  Warsaw — the political and business centre of Poland with a completely re-built old-town and castle square. Baltic Sea Coast — Germany and Poland share the Baltic Sea coast of Central Europe with hundreds of miles of sandy beaches and resorts. Białowieża National Park — a huge area of ancient woodland in Poland designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

3. Slovakia : Interesting for its countryside, especially the Tatra Mountains, caves and castles. Bratislava - the political, cultural, and economic centre of Slovakia with beautiful historical buildings in the old town. Vysoké Tatry — beautiful and unspoiled mountain range peaking at 2600 meters above sea level

4. Hungary :One of the most beautiful capital cities of the whole world, alongside plains and lakes of noticeable beauty.  Budapest — a wealth of grand architecture, culture and its famous thermal baths, as well as one of the oldest metro systems in the world. Lake Balaton — this scenic Hungarian lake is the largest lake in Central Europe and a year-round tourist hub

5. Slovenia : Often called the miniature Europe, it is on the crossroads of the Slavic, Germanic and the Romanic world. Ljubljana — picturesque alpine capital of Slovenia, a charming baroque city with stunning architecture and dynamic nightlife.

6. Austria :The Alps, historic cities and villages, and a wealth of cultural attraction Vienna — the elegant capital of Austria, this imperial capital has countless classicist sights. Alps — probably one of the most important winter destinations in the world, that is home to summer resorts too

7. Liechtenstein : Tiny state which is a financial centre as well as having some picture-postcard scenery

8. Switzerland :An economic powerhouse in the middle of Europe itself, it has idyllic landscapes and mountains alongside modern cities and the delightful mixture of three European cultures. Geneva — a wealthy urban banking centre that is home to many international agencies like the Red Cross and the United Nations.

9. Germany : The economic powerhouse of Europe with major metropolitan cities and some lovely countryside.  Berlin — the capital of reunited Germany since 1990, it was divided by force for 45 years during the Cold War; it has emerged as a international cultural centre and an area of rapid development since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Black Forest — smaller mountain range in southwest Germany famous for its scenery and history. East Frisian Islands — Germany has many tourist islands in the North Sea. Neuschwanstein Castle — the well-known fairy-tale castle in the Bavarian Alps in Germany.  Romantic Road — a popular tourist route through historical towns and romantic castles in Southern Germany

______________________________________________

                     back to top

______________________________________________

Muslim                             

______________________________________________

                     back to top

______________________________________________

Other Events                                   

xxx

_______________________________________________

                   back to top 
_______________________________________________

Islamic Lineage                               

xxx

_______________________________________________

                   back to top
_______________________________________________

Islamic Timeline                             

xxx

_______________________________________________

                   back to top
_______________________________________________

Translation                   

______________________________________________

                     back to top

______________________________________________

More Hadith                    

______________________________________________

                     back to top

______________________________________________

Conversation                   

______________________________________________

                     back to top

______________________________________________